2016—2022年安康市居民疾病谱及期望寿命变化情况分析

Analysis on disease spectrum and changes in life expectancy of residents of Ankang City 2016 to 2022

目的 研究安康市2016—2022年期望寿命及影响因素,评价安康市居民健康状况,为健康安康建设提供依据。方法 收集2016—2022年安康市居民死亡数据,采用简略寿命表、Arriaga’s分解法,计算居民期望寿命、分析不同疾病、不同年龄组的死亡病例对期望寿命的影响。结果 2016—2022年安康市居民平均报告粗死亡率为775.47/10万,期望寿命为75.41~77.64岁,男性为73.37~76.14岁,女性为79.73~81.34岁,期望寿命“正向贡献”最大疾病是肿瘤,其次是循环系统疾病,“负向贡献”是损伤和中毒,年龄组“负向贡献”集中在10~19岁、55~59岁,其余均为“正向贡献”。年龄组重点疾病分析,0岁组仅损伤和中毒为“负向贡献”,肿瘤、循环系统疾病“正向贡献”最大为15~64岁组。结论 安康市可通过加大慢性非传染性疾病的防治,增加医疗服务投入,加强交通安全、防溺水、防跌倒等安全教育,进一步提高居民期望寿命。

Objective This study analyzed life expectancy and influencing factors from 2016 to 2022to evaluate residents' health status,and to provide basis for health development in Ankang City.Methods Residents' mortality data from 2016 to 2022 were collected in Ankang City.Abridged life table method and Arriaga's decomposition method were used to calculate residents' life expectancy and analyze the impact of deaths from different diseases and age groups on life expectancy.Results The average reported crude death rate among residents was 775.47 per 10~5in Ankang city from2016 to 2022.The life expectancy ranged from 75.41 to 77.64 years,73.37 to 76.14 years for male,and females 79.73 to 81.34 years.The diseases that contributed the most positively to life expectancy were cancer,followed by circulatory system diseases.conversely,losses and poisonings,as well as mental and behavioral disorders,had a negative impact on life expectancy.Among different age groups,the negative contribution to life expectancy was concentrated in 10-19 age and 55-59 age,all the rest were the positive contribution to life expectancy.Analysis of major disease for the age,the only 0 age that negative contribution to life expectancy was losses and poisonings,the 15-64 age that contributed the most positively were cancer and circulatory system diseases.Conclusions In Ankang,in order to improve life expectancy further,the study recommends focusing on preventing and treating chronic non-communicable diseases,increasing investment in healthcare services,and enhancing safety education on various fronts such as traffic safety drowning prevention,and fall prevention.These measures can have a positive impact on the overall health and life expectancy of residents.