地表水环境中微(纳米)塑料污染防控面临的挑战

Challenges in the Prevention and Control of Micro(Nano)Plastic Pollution in Surface Water Environment

微(纳米)塑料因其可在水体、沉积物、土壤等环境介质中长期存在并危害生态环境,且在环境中难降解的特性已成为一种新污染物。根据国内地表水环境中微(纳米)塑料的分布、来源和生态毒性效应的相关研究发现,地表水环境中微(纳米)塑料的来源繁杂,直接来源主要包括个人护理品、工农业制备、各类垃圾不当处置等;间接来源为污水处理厂的污水排放、地表径流、原始塑料的风化降解等。微(纳米)塑料的生态毒性组成复杂,除其本身对于生物体的生化胁迫外,还易与其他污染物形成复合污染,对水生生物产生交互效应。因此,研究治理地表水环境微(纳米)塑料污染已刻不容缓,本文可为地表水环境中微(纳米)塑料污染防控和生态风险研究提供理论参考。

Micro(nano)plastics have become a new type of pollutant with the characteristic of being difficult to degrade in the environment,which can exist in water,sediment,soil and other environmental media for a long time and endanger the ecological stability.Studies on the distribution,origins,and ecotoxicity effects of micro(nano)plastics in domestic surface water environments have found that the sources of micro(nano)plastics in surface water environments are diverse,with direct sources mainly including personal care products,industrial and agricultural production,improper disposal of various types of waste and indirect sources such as sewage discharge from wastewater treatment plants,surface runoff,and weathering degradation of primary plastics.The ecotoxicological composition of micro(nano)plastics is complex,not only causing biochemical stress on organisms themselves but also easily forming complex pollutants with other contaminants,producing interactive effects on aquatic organisms.Therefore,the management of micro(nano)plastic pollution in surface water environment is urgent.It can provide theoretical references for the prevention and control of micro(nano)plastic pollution in surface water environment and ecological risk research.