宋辽金墓葬中顶心悬镜现象再探

Reinvestigation of the Practice of Ceiling Mirror Installation during the Song-Liao-Jin Period

宋辽金时期,墓室顶心多悬挂铜镜。本文以这一时期发现的28例悬镜为研究基础,将墓顶悬镜、与铜镜组合的墓顶意象、墓室内的结构和装饰视为统一的整体进行考察,认为悬镜的表现形式可分为三类;并且结合《营造法式》,探讨了“悬镜”语汇在屋宇、佛塔地宫建筑空间中的共享;而其表现意涵,是“取光明破暗”和“驱邪压胜”之意。

This paper presents a thorough investigation into the installation of ceiling mirrors in 28 tombs dating from the Song,Liao and Jin dynasties.By scrutinizing the interplay between ceiling mirror,painted ceiling,and other decorative elements,the study identifies three distinct patterns of ceiling mirror usage.In the first type,ceiling mirrors are often found alongside ceiling murals and surrounding architectural elements simulating wooden structures;in the second type,ceiling mirrors are accompanied by murals;in the third type,ceiling mirrors solely paired with wooden architectural elements.Additionally,instance of ceiling mirrors in buildings and Buddhist pagoda crypts suggest a possible derivation from these contexts.Drawing upon evidence from coffin panel paintings and textual records,this research elucidates the cosmological significance of ceiling mirror within tomb spaces.These mirrors symbolize the concept of‘taking the light and breaking the darkness’,serving as potent symbols of exorcising evil spirits.