2011—2022年浙江省衢州市人间布鲁氏菌病流行特征及菌型分布

Epidemiological analysis and bacterial type distribution of human brucellosis in Quzhou of Zhejiang Province from 2011 to 2022

目的 分析2011—2022年衢州市人间布鲁氏菌病(简称“布病”)流行病学特征及菌型分布,为制定衢州市布病防控措施提供依据。方法 布病病例资料来自传染病网络直报系统,人口学资料来自《衢州市统计年鉴》。对衢州市2011—2022年布病报告病例的流行病学特征进行统计学描述与分析。结果 2011—2022年衢州市布病报告总数为89例,年均发病率为0.290/10万,2021年发病率达高峰,为0.662/10万;全年均有病例报告,发病集中在3~8月,占病例报告总数的77.528%(69例)。全市仅开化县无病例报告,报告病例数占比最高为衢江区,占病例报告总数的31.461%(28例)。男性报告病例总数为64例,女性报告病例总数为25例,男女性别比为2.560∶1。发病人群主要集中于50~59岁年龄组,报告病例数为41例,占总报告病例数的46.067%;农民报告病例数最多,共69例,占总报告病例数的77.528%。所有病例中血培养共分离出菌株12株,经鉴定分型均为羊种型布氏菌属,羊种Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型各为6例。结论 衢州市人间布病疫情总体处于散发、局部爆发并存的低流行水平。防控重点人群是从事羊养殖、羊屠宰行业的农村青壮年男性人员,但近几年随着餐饮业盛行烤羊肉及羊肉串,餐饮服务人员发病数占一定比例。建议加强联防联控,市农业农村局加强源头管控,要求养殖场及屠宰场尽量从正规渠道引进检疫合格的牲畜,同时加强落地抽检,及时发现及处置传染病畜。卫生健康部门加强重点人群健康宣教和主动监测工作,提高群众知信行合一能力,做到早预防、早发现、早治疗,以进一步降低人间布病对衢州地区群众身体健康造成的不良影响。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and bacterial type distribution of human brucellosis(brucellosis)in Quzhou City Region from 2011 to 2022,so as to provide a basis for the formulation of brucellosis prevention and control measures in Quzhou City.Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used based on the data collected from the direct network reporting system and demographic information of human brucellosis in Quzhou City from 2011 to 2022.Results From 2011 to 2022,a total of 89 cases of brucellosis were reported in Quzhou City,with an average annual incidence rate of 0.290/100000,reaching 0.662/100000 in 2021.Every month throughout the year witnessed case reports,and the high incidence period was from March to August.During this period cumulative number of cases reported was 69,accounting for 77.528%of the total number of cases reported.Cases were reported in the other five counties and districts of Quzhou except for Kaihua County.With Qujiang District having the highest number of reported cases,accounting for 31.461%of the total reported cases.The number of reported cases was 64 for males and 25 for females,with a male to female sex ratio of 2.560∶1.The main age of patients was in 50-59 years old,accounting for 46.067%of the total cases.77.528%of the cases were farmers.A total of 12 strains were isolated from blood culture in all cases,which were identified as sheep brucellosis,sheep breed typeⅠand typeⅢaccounted for half.Conclusion The epidemic situation of human brucellosis is at a low epidemic level of sporadic and local outbreaks in Quzhou.The key groups of prevention and control are the young and middle-aged male personnel in rural areas who are engaged in sheep farming and slaughtering.But in recent years,with the prevalence of roast mutton and kebabs,the number of cases in catering service industry accounts for a certain proportion.Suggestion that joint prevention and control should be strengthened,and Bureau of Agriculture and Rural areas should strengthen source control,requiring farms and slaughterhouses to introduce livestock quarantined as qualified from regular channels as far as possible,and at the same time inspected and detected after landing sampling and dispose of infectious livestock in a timely manner.Health departments should strengthen health education and monitoring of key groups,improving people’s ability to become one flesh from knowledge,belief to practice,and achieve early prevention,detection and early treatment,so as to further reduce the adverse effects of human brucellosis on people’s health in Quzhou area.