公共部门人工智能责任性风险的识别与防范策略研究

The Identification and Prevention Strategies of Liability Risks in the Application of Artificial Intelligence in the Public Sector

人工智能技术与服务在开发、部署与应用中存在一系列不确定的现代性伦理风险,深刻影响着数字治理进程,成为领域内的关键问题。其中,责任性风险因其对社会价值与社会信任存在可预见性的负面影响,是数字治理中公共部门难以回避的重要伦理风险问题。当前,学界对人工智能责任性风险的样态识别与防范策略的研究有所涉猎,但缺乏深入探讨。技术与制度之间的相互型构提供了合理的类型学研究视角。因此,研究以工具理性和价值理性的冲突为逻辑起点构建人工智能责任性风险的识别框架。在技术与制度互构的基础上,立足责任归属失序、责任认知失调、责任行为失当和责任价值失衡四种人工智能责任性风险样态,搭建“技术-组织-制度”(TOI)防范机制,以期增强公共部门对伦理风险的可预见性和风险治理的韧性,实现安全、负责任的数字治理。

Artificial Intelligence(AI)technology and service presents a series of ethical risks of uncertain modernity in their development,deployment and application.It profoundly affects digital governance and has become a key topic in the field.Because of its negative impact on social value and the predictability of social trust,liability risk is an important ethical risk problem that government departments cannot avoid in digital governance.Existing academic research focuses on the identification and control of AI ethical risks at the macro level,but lacks in-depth exploration of the identification and prevention strategies for specific ethical risk patterns such as liability risk.The reciprocal relationship between technology and institutions offers a sound framework for typology research.Taking the conflict between instrumental rationality and value rationality as the logical starting point,the identification framework of AI responsibility risk is constructed.Responsibility risk is divided into four patterns:disordered attribution of responsibility,cognitive dissonance of responsibility,misbehavior of responsibility and imbalance of responsibility value.The research is centered on four types of AI responsibility risk patterns:distorted responsibility attribution,cognitive dissonance in responsibility,malfeasance in responsibility behavior,and imparity in responsibility value.We will build a“technology-organization-institution”(TOI)preventive mechanism.It is inevitable to enhance the predictability of risks and the resilience of risk management in government department,so as to realize safe and responsible digital governance.