高价彩礼的法治因应

The Governance of High Betrothal Price

彩礼以缔结婚姻为目的,传统婚姻模式、现代婚姻模式与理想婚姻模式下彩礼的制度原理各不相同。现代婚姻与理想婚姻模式之下,适当彩礼作为一种不违反法律与公序良俗的赠与行为,发挥着平衡男女双方婚育成本和保障女性权益的功能,具备合法性与合理性,被法治社会所允许。由于存在婚育隐忧、攀比之风、儿女有别及性别失衡现象,适当彩礼在一些地方畸变为高价彩礼。后者有悖社会公共利益,国家法律介入符合比例原则,具备法治正当性。高价彩礼呼吁“软硬混治”:在硬法治理层面,需要明确彩礼的范围并增加倡导性规则,同时完善用人单位保障、社会保障以及家庭保障等综合配套措施。在软法治理层面,要善用软法工具、提高立“法”科学性,宣扬先进文化、完善激励机制并打造多元治理主体格局、树立多措并举意识,让彩礼止于礼。

The principle of betrothal gifts is different in traditional marriage mode,modern marriage mode and ideal marriage mode.Appropriate betrothal gifts does not violate the law and good customs,and balance the interest of both men and women.High betrothal gifts come from the punishment of motherhood,the trend of comparison,the sexism and gender imbalance.It needs to be governed by law because of violating the social public interest.At the level of hard law,it is necessary to clarify the scope of bride price,establish advocacy rules and return rules of the excess part.Meanwhile,improving the comprehensive supporting measures such as employer protection,social security and family security.At the level of soft law,we should improve the scientific of it,publicize advanced culture,improve incentive mechanism and establish a sense of multiple measures.