美国对华数据政策论析

Analysis on U.S.Data Policy Towards China

[研究目的]美国对华战略竞争聚焦科技领域,而数据问题则占据科技议题的核心。对美国对华数据政策进行系统性剖析,有助于深化理解大国博弈时代背景下美国对华科技竞争战略的底层逻辑。[研究方法]以特朗普政府时期以来美国对华各类数据政策的演进为线索,归纳其政策态势,分析其政策逻辑,在此基础上研判其推进对华政策数据政策的前景与挑战,从而对当前美国获取相对于中国“数据优势”的战略与战术进行比较与实证分析。[研究结论]研究认为,美国对华数据政策由其背后经济贸易、军事安全、个人隐私与意识形态等四个层面的逻辑所推动,利益交融与冲突矛盾并存。未来,美国将进一步推动对华数据政策迈向战略化、多元化和精细化。同时鉴于存在的逻辑矛盾和治理悖论,相关政策的推进也将面临诸多挑战。

[Research purpose]Science and technology is the focal point of China-US strategic competition,and data play an essential role in molding science and technology policies.A systematic analysis on U.S.data policies towards China will help deepen the understanding of the logic of U.S.tech-compete strategy in the context of the era of great power rivalry.[Research method]Taking the evolution of U.S.data policies towards China since the Trump administration as a clue,reviewing its policy posture,analyzing its policy logic,and examining its prospects and challenges,so as to carry out a comparative and empirical analysis of the strategies and tactics used by the U.S.to gain a"data advantage".[Research conclusion]The U.S.data policies towards China are driven by four different logics:economics and trade,military,privacy,and ideology,entangled as well as incompatible.In the future,the U.S.will further promote its data policies towards China to become more strategic,diversified,and refined.Meanwhile,the co-existence of logical contradictions and governance paradoxes will make relevant policies face many challenges.