微生物碳链延长技术转化合成中链脂肪酸研究进展

Progress in research aimed at conversion and synthesis of medium-chain fatty acids using microbial carbon chain extension technology

环境污染和资源短缺是人类当下面临的重大难题.为了实现经济效益和环境友好策略、开发清洁可再生的化学品,推动绿色生态理念下可持续的能源供应显得尤为重要.微生物碳链延长(CE)技术以微生物作为接种物生产中链脂肪酸(MCFAs),是一种新兴转化技术.首先综述微生物CE技术的原理和过程,着重介绍电子供体氧化过程、逆β氧化(RBO)及脂肪酸生物合成(FAB)途径.进一步分析影响CE反应的关键因素,包括电子供体和受体、pH值、温度、接种物来源、反应器设计以及运行参数(SRT/HRT).最后详细总结CE性能强化技术的最新研究进展.以微生物作为CE的接种物,能够生成具有高附加值的MCFAs,且在导体材料、特异性药剂和加电的性能强化以及数学模型、多组学分析等技术的加持下,MCFAs的产率明显提高.CE技术在资源化领域已展现出巨大潜力,未来需要针对性地研究微生物群落结构及其功能与环境间的相互作用关系,着力开发新的分离提纯技术和工程策略,同时寻找具有可持续性的低廉原料作为电子供体,以实现降低成本的同时提高MCFAs的产率和特异性.微生物转化生产MCFAs能够补充碳源,减缓全球气候变暖,为资源化处理提供新的指导思路.

Environmental pollution and resource shortages are major problems facing human society.To implement economically beneficial and environmentally friendly strategies,it is particularly important to develop clean and renewable chemicals and promote a sustainable energy supply in keeping with the concept of green ecology.Microbial carbon chain elongation(CE)is a novel technology that uses microorganisms to produce medium-chain fatty acids(MCFAs).In this paper,firstly,the principle and process of microbial CE technology are summarized,with emphasis on electron donor oxidation,reverseβoxidation,and fatty acid synthesis.Key factors impacting microbial CE,including electron donor and acceptor,pH,temperature,inoculum source,reactor design,and operating parameters(SRT/HRT)were further analyzed.Finally,the latest research progress in CE performance enhancement technologies is summarized in detail.Using microorganisms to catalyze CE,MCFAs with high added value can be produced.MCFA yield is improved by strengthening conductor material performance,specific drugs,and electrification,and incorporating the support of mathematical models,multivariate analysis,and other technologies.CE technology has shown great potential for optimization of resource utilization.Future studies should examine interactions between microbial community structure and environment and their function,focus on developing new separation and purification technologies and engineering strategies,and find sustainable low-cost raw materials as electron donors to reduce costs and improve MCFA yield and specificity.Microbial transformations to produce MCFAs can supplement carbon sources,slow global warming,and provide new guidance for resource utilization.