护理本科毕业生目睹工作场所暴力与留职意愿的关系:焦虑、共情疲乏和职业认同的链式中介作用

The relationship between witnessing workplace violence and intention to stay among nursing graduates:the chain mediating effect of anxiety,empathy fatigue and professional identity

目的基于情感事件理论,探讨护理本科毕业生目睹工作场所暴力与留职意愿的关系,以及焦虑、共情疲乏和职业认同的作用机制。方法采用便利抽样法,于2021年4月至6月选取广州市3所高等院校护理学院处于实习末期的208名护理本科毕业生为研究对象,使用一般资料调查表、目睹工作场所暴力量表、广泛性焦虑量表、专业生活品质量表、职业认同量表及护士留职意愿量表进行调查。运用Mplus 8.3构建结构方程模型验证变量间关系。结果208名护理本科毕业生中,70.67%报告曾经目睹工作场所暴力,38.94%有不同程度的焦虑;护理本科毕业生同情心满足感得分为(32.11±7.89)分,倦怠得分为(29.39±5.80)分,同情心疲乏得分为(25.09±6.57)分,职业认同得分为(49.79±11.52)分,留职意愿得分为(18.49±2.60)分。目睹工作场所暴力与焦虑、同情心疲乏呈正相关(P<0.01或P<0.05),与职业认同、留职意愿呈负相关(P<0.01)。同情心满足感、焦虑、职业认同的单独中介作用和同情心满足感-职业认同的链式中介作用在护理本科毕业生目睹工作场所暴力与留职意愿关系中发挥作用。结论护理本科毕业生留职意愿水平有待提高,焦虑、共情疲乏、职业认同是其目睹工作场所暴力与留职意愿关系的中介变量,护理管理者应完善护理毕业生目睹工作场所暴力后的应对机制,加强心理疏导,减少其负面情绪,引导增强职业认同感,以提高其专业稳定性。

Objective To explore the relationship between witnessing workplace violence and intention to stay among nursing graduates based on Affective Events Theory,as well as the mechanisms of anxiety,empathy fatigue,and professional identity in the relationship.Methods From April to June 2021,208 nursing graduates from three nursing colleges in Guangzhou who in the late stage of internship were selected as the research objects by convenient sampling method.Nursing graduates were investigated with the general information question⁃naire,Witnessing Workplace Violence Scale,Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale,Professional Quality of Life Scale,Professional Identity Scale and Nurse Retention Intention Scale.Mplus 8.3 was used to construct a structural equation model to verify the relationship among variables.Results Among the 208 nursing graduates,70.67%reported witnessing workplace violence,and 38.94%had different degrees of anxiety.The scores of empathy satisfaction,burnout,empathy fatigue,professional identity,intention to stay were(32.11±7.89),(29.39±5.80),(25.09±6.57),(49.79±11.52)and(18.49±2.60),respectively.Witnessing workplace violence was positively correlated with anxiety and empathy fatigue(P<0.01 or P<0.05),and negatively correlated with professional identity and intention to stay(P<0.01).The single media⁃ting role of empathy satisfaction,anxiety,professional identity and the chain mediating role of empathy satisfaction-professional identity played a role in the relationship between witnessing workplace violence and intention to stay of nursing graduates.Conclusion The willingness of nursing undergraduate graduates to stay in the job needs to be improved.Anxiety,empathy fatigue,and professional identity are mediating vari⁃ables in the relationship between witnessing workplace violence and intention to stay among nursing graduates.Nursing managers should im⁃prove the coping mechanism of nursing graduates after witnessing workplace violence,strengthen psychological counseling,reduce their nega⁃tive emotions,guide and enhance their professional identity,so as to improve their professional stability.