长春地区城镇冬季供暖技术路径及碳排放研究

Research on Winter Heating Technology Pathways and Carbon Emissions in Urban Areas of Changchun

我国已提出“3060”目标,即二氧化碳的碳排放力争于2030年前达到峰值,努力争取2060年前实现碳中和。建筑能源系统作为建筑的组成部分,其能耗与碳排放是建筑节能减排的重要领域。供热低碳发展是实现碳达峰、碳中和的重要手段之一,通过清洁能源替代化石燃料实现供暖低碳发展具有重要意义。分析了长春地区冬季供暖现状,包括长春用能发展现状和冬季主要供暖技术路径等。评估其碳排放必须首先明确建筑能源系统碳排放的计算方法,并通过建筑模拟手段对不同清洁供暖技术路径进行对比分析。研究得出,长春地区城镇减碳量最高的为集中生物质供暖,其次是燃煤锅炉供暖的技术路径,此结果主要受供暖面积影响。单位面积减碳量结果显示,减碳量较多的是生物质锅炉和热泵供暖技术路径,燃气锅炉和燃煤锅炉单位减碳量较少。在综合评价中,最优的是水源热泵,但在供暖技术路径的选择需因地制宜进行考量。

China has put forward the“3060”goal,that is,carbon dioxide emissions strive to peak before 2030,and strive to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060.As an integral part of the building,energy consumption and carbon emissions of the building energy system are important areas of building energy conservation and emission reduction.Low-carbon development of heating is one of the important means to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutralization,it is of great significance to realize low-carbon development of heating by replacing fossil fuels with clean energy.The current situation of winter heating in Changchun area is analyzed,including the development status of energy consumption in Changchun and the main heating technology paths in winter.To evaluate its carbon emissions,it is necessary to first clarify the calculation method of carbon emissions from building energy systems,and compare and analyze different clean heating technology paths through building simulation methods.The study shows that the highest carbon reduction in urban areas in Changchun is centralized biomass heating,followed by the technical path of coal-fired boiler heating,this result is mainly affected by the heating area.The results of carbon reduction per unit area show that the most carbon reduction is the biomass boiler and heat pump heating technology path,and the unit carbon reduction of gas boiler and coal-fired boiler is less.In the comprehensive evaluation,the best is the water source heat pump,however,the choice of heating technology path must be considered according to local conditions.