当代中国先锋文学批评话语的本土化建构——以1980年代马原小说批评为中心

The Localized Construction of Contemporary Avant-garde Literary Criticism of China–Centered on Ma Yuan’s Novel Criticism in the 1980s

1980年代的文学批评尤其是先锋文学批评,经常被笼统定性为:有开拓传统批评视野之功,但普遍借鉴西方现代文论,多是理论的套用,忽略了传统批评方法。作为1980年代批评场域里一个富有症候性的个案,马原小说批评呈现的话语逻辑汇集出20世纪80年代先锋文学批评多元、丰富的面貌,展现了其于理论资源选择上的创造性、对话性以及话语建构上的国别特色与时代特征。从小说文本的阅读到批评文本的写作,1980年代的马原小说批评具体呈现出三种不同的理论资源转化策略与话语建构:一是对于中国古典文化资源的现代转化;二是对于马克思主义文论的当代启用;三是对于西方现代文论的中国式阐释,展示了1980年代批评家们多面的思想创造。

Literary criticism in the 1980s,especially the Avant-garde literary criticism,is often generally characterized as having the power to open up the vision of traditional criticism but merely drawing on modern Western literary theory,and mostly applying theory but ignoring traditional criticism methods.As a symptomatic case in the field of criticism in the 1980s,the discourse logic presented by Ma Yuan's novel criticism brings together the pluralistic and rich features of the avant-garde literary criticism in the 1980s,showing its creativity and dialogue orientation in the selection of theoretical resources as well as the nationality-specific and time-specific characteristics in discourse construction.From reading of the novel text to writing of the criticism text,Ma Yuan's novel criticism in the 1980s presents three different theoretical resource transformation strategies and discourse construction:1)modern transformation of resources of classical Chinese culture;2)contemporary application of Marxist literary theory;and 3)Chinese interpretation of Western modern literary theory.This shows the multi-faceted ideological creation of critics in the 1980s.