基于稀疏光电探测阵列的轻武器终点弹道关键参数测量

Measurement of Key Terminal Ballistic Parameters of Small Arms Based on Sparse Distribution Optoelectronic Detection Array

为了有效、准确、可靠地获取轻武器终点弹道的关键参数(包括射击精度、弹丸飞行速度、弹道姿态角和射击频率等),提出了一种基于稀疏分布光电探测器阵列的测量方法。根据弹丸激波在终点弹道横截面的传播速度分布特性,结合稀疏光电探测阵列结构参数构建一种测量模型,精确解析出关键参数测量结果。通过数值模拟仿真分析测量误差变化规律,可知探测靶面内从中心向四周的坐标测量误差逐渐减小,姿态角测量误差随坐标差值的增大而减小,速度测量误差随靶距的增加而减小。实弹射击对比实验结果表明,该测量方法能够满足轻武器终点弹道关键参数测试要求,与以往的方法相比,具有探测靶面积足够大、无探测盲区、成本较低、安装调试方便等优点。

The article proposes a measurement method to efficiently and accurately obtain the key terminal ballistic parameters(i.e.,the hitting coordinates,the flight velocity,the flight direction angle of the projectile and the weapon firing rate)of small arms using the sparse distribution detector array.Compared with the traditional methods of uniformly and densely arranged detectors,this method greatly reduces the number of lasers and detectors required,thus saving costs.In addition,because the detector distribution can be non-uniform,installation and commissioning are more flexible and convenient.First,the detection principle and the composition of the system based on the propagation characteristics of the shock wave are described.Then,the measurement model of the system is established,and the calculation equations are derived by combining the relevant structural parameters and the shock wave propagation velocity.In addition,the systematic errors of the parameters such as the impact coordinates and the flight velocity are analyzed,and the effectiveness and practicality of the measurement method are verified by simulation.The simulation results show that in the effective target area of 10 m×10 m,the measurement error distributions of x and y coordinate values are the same,both decrease with the increase of the over-curtain time and increase with the increase of the extraction time of the shock wave propagation.The maximum deviation of x,y coordinate values is 1.55 mm.The azimuth error decreases with the increase of x coordinate difference,and the maximum azimuth error does not exceed 0.08°.The pitch angle error decreases as the difference of x coordinate and y coordinate increases,and the maximum error does not exceed 0.95×10−3°.When the target distance varies from 0.5 m to 2 m,the velocity error of the projectile gradually decreases as the target distance increases.The velocity error of the projectile shows a trend of first increases and then decreases as the difference of the x and y coordinates increases.The maximum deviation of the velocity of the projectile is 0.65 m/s.In order to quantitatively compare the proposed method with the measurement results of the light screen array,live fire experiments are conducted.Two sky targets and two sparse distribution detector arrays are placed alternately along the trajectory line,each with a target distance of 1.5 m.The wooden target is placed 1.26 m behind the sparse distribution detector array.Three high-speed cameras are placed on either side of the trajectory line and above the wooden target,respectively.The rifle is placed on a gun rack and 100 standard projectile shots are fired at a distance of 30 m from a start target of the six-light screen array.The coordinates of the center of the bullet hole on the wooden target are considered as the reference values,and the high-speed camera measurements are considered as the reference values of velocity and attitude angle.To verify the feasibility and validity of the proposed method,the sparse detection array measurements and the light screen array measurements are compared with each other and with the reference data.The measurement data of the proposed system show that the maximum deviation of coordinates is 2.4 mm,the average deviation of coordinates is 1.0 mm,the maximum deviation of azimuth and pitch angle is 0.128°,and the maximum deviation of flight velocity is 0.99 m/s.The proposed method reduces the average coordinate error by 35%,the average azimuth and pitch angle error by 31%,and the average velocity error by 33%compared with the six-light screen array measurement.The results show that the measurement method can meet the requirements for testing the terminal ballistic parameters of supersonic projectiles.Compared with the previous measurement system,it has the advantages of sufficiently large detection area,no detection blind area,low cost,easy installation and commissioning.