不同方法提取苹果皮膳食纤维的理化性质及降血糖活性分析

Physicochemical Properties and Hypoglycemic Activity of Dietary Fiber from Apple Peel Under Different Extraction Methods

为明确不同提取方法对苹果皮膳食纤维理化性质和降血糖活性间的差异,采用水法、高压辅助水法、酸法和酶法提取苹果皮膳食纤维。结果显示,4种膳食纤维均由Ara、Gal、GalA及少量Rha、Glc、Xyl组成,表明苹果皮膳食纤维主要为果胶多糖。其中,高压辅助水提组分得率最高(15.38%),是水提组分的5.7倍;酶提组分的多糖含量(88.66%)高于其他组分,表现为较高的纯度;水提组分具有更高的相对分子质量和黏度。通过比较持水力、持油力可知,高压辅助水提组分的持水力更好,酶提组分的持油力更强。4种膳食纤维均具有不同程度的降血糖能力,其中酶提膳食纤维的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用(78.38%)和葡萄糖吸附能力(16.37%)最强。综合分析表明,高压辅助水法可以有效提高膳食纤维的得率,酶提苹果皮膳食纤维在功能活性和纯度方面优于其他3种组分,具有更高的应用价值。

In order to clarify the differences in the physicochemical properties and hypoglycemic activity of apple peel dietary fiber by different extraction methods,apple peel dietary fiber was extracted by water extraction,high pressure assisted water extraction,acid extraction and enzymatic extraction.The results showed that the four dietary fibers were composed of Ara,Gal,GalA and small amount of Rha,Glc,Xyl,indicating that the dietary fiber of apple peel was mainly pectin polysaccharide.Among them,the yield of high pressure assisted water extraction component was the highest(15.38%),which was 5.7 times that of water extraction component.The polysaccharide content of the enzymatic extraction component(88.66%)was higher than that of other components,showing higher purity.The water extraction components had higher relative molecular mass and viscosity.By comparing the water holding capacity and oil holding capacity,it can be seen that the water holding capacity of the high pressure assisted water extraction component is better,and the oil holding capacity of the enzyme extraction component is stronger.The four kinds of dietary fibers all had different degrees of hypoglycemic ability,among which theα-glucosidase inhibition(78.38%)and glucose adsorption capacity(16.37%)of the enzymatic dietary fiber were the strongest.The comprehensive analysis showed that the high pressure assisted water method could effectively improve the yield of dietary fiber.The enzymatic extraction of apple peel dietary fiber was superior to the other three components in terms of functional activity and purity,and had higher application value.