外泌体微小RNA调控子痫前期的研究进展

Research progress in exosomal miRNAs regulating preeclampsia

子痫前期是妊娠20周后出现的特发性高血压综合征,是一种妊娠中期初发、以高血压及蛋白尿为主要表现的妊娠期特有并发症,在全球范围内有将近3%~5%妊娠妇女受其影响,是导致孕产妇和围生儿死亡的主要原因之一。外泌体是细胞向胞外分泌的囊泡类小体,直径为30~150 nm,具有典型的脂质双分子层膜结构,内部载有母细胞特异性生物学物质如蛋白质、mRNA、miRNA等,介导多种生理病理进程。子痫前期患者由于遗传或环境等因素影响,胎盘组织或母体分泌的外泌体浓度及其miRNA含量发生明显变化,外泌体miRNA可通过影响滋养细胞功能、血管生成、母胎免疫和炎症反应等参与调控子痫前期的发生和发展。本文就外泌体miRNA调控子痫前期的研究进展进行综述。

Preeclampsia is an idiopathic hypertensive syndrome that develops after 20 weeks gestation,and characterized by primary hypertension and proteinuria.It affects approximately 3%to 5%of pregnant women worldwide and is the leading cause of maternal and perinatal death.Exosomes are vesicle-like bodies secreted by cells,with a diameter of 30~150 nm and a typical lipid bilayer membrane structure.Exosomes contain biological information specific to mother cells,such as protein,mRNA,microRNA,and mediate a variety of physiological and pathological processes.Due to the influence of genetic or environmental factors,the concentration of exosomes and exosomal miRNAs derived from placenta tissue or maternal are significantly changed in patients with preeclampsia.Exosomal miRNAs can regulate the trophoblastic function,angiogenesis,maternal and fetal immunity and inflammatory response,and participate in the regulation of the occurrence and development of preeclampsia.This article reviews the research progress of exosomal miRNAs in the regulation of preeclampsia.