我国东亚江豚的研究现状、面临的威胁与保护建议

Threats and conservation strategies of the East Asian finless porpoises in China

东亚江豚(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis sunameri)是我国黄渤海和东海水域最常见的鲸豚类之一。作为一种近岸分布的小型齿鲸,东亚江豚的栖息地与人类活动范围高度重叠,极易受到人类活动的干扰。目前东亚江豚的整体生存状况不容乐观,已被世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)列为濒危等级,为国家二级保护动物。本研究总结了我国东亚江豚的遗传学、生态学、繁殖与生理、声学、行为学等方面的研究进展,以及东亚江豚面临的主要威胁因素,包括渔业误捕、栖息地退化与丧失、污染、食物不足等。在此基础上,提出我国东亚江豚的保护和研究工作建议,包括管控有害渔具的使用,加强涉海项目的评估和监管,降低环境污染水平,强化渔业资源养护,加快保护区的规划和建设,加强水生野生动物保护科普宣传工作等,以期为我国东亚江豚的研究和保护提供参考。

The East Asian finless porpoises(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis sunameri,EAFPs)is the most common in the coastal waters of Bohai and Yellow Seas as well as the East China Sea in China.Due to increasing anthropogenic activities that overlap the EAFP important habitats,their population has declined sharply.EAFP has been listed as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN)and the Class II protected animals in China.This review summarized the research progress on genetics,ecology,reproduction and physiology,acoustic and behavior of the EAFP in China and main threats they faced,which may include fishery bycatch,habitat loss and degradation,chemical and noise pollution and food shortage.Furthermore,conservation and research suggestions were proposed,including limiting deployments of harmful fishing gears,enhancing environmental assessment and management of marine engineering,reducing chemical and noise pollution level,establishing and implementing fishery resource recovery strategies,designating and establishing marine protected areas and advancing scientific popularization of aquatic wildlife conservation.We hope this review can provide insights in EAFP research and protection.