双边关税下三级跨国供应链产品本土化策略研究

Product Localization Strategy of Three-Tier Multinational Supply Chain Suffered to Bilateral Tariffs

考虑国内制造商实施旨在满足海外消费者特定需求的产品本土化策略,构建双边关税下由国外供应商、国内制造商和国外零售商组成的三级跨国供应链博弈模型,对比制造商生产标准化产品和本土化产品下供应链各企业的均衡决策和利润,考虑市场竞争并设计数值算例进一步分析消费者本土化偏好和关税对供应链企业决策和利润的影响。研究发现:加征双边关税抑制产品本土化改进水平的提高,消费者本土化偏好升高放大双边关税的抑制效应;国外产品进口关税满足一定条件时,制造商实施产品本土化策略,此时市场需求扩大,销售价格升高,国外供应商、零售商通过“搭便车”获利;当国内原材料进口关税较高时,竞争环境下产品本土化改进水平大于非竞争环境。

Considering the domestic manufacturers implemented product localization strategies aimed at meeting the specific needs of overseas consumers,the game model of three-tier multinational supply chain suffered to bilateral tariffs was established,which was consisted of a foreign export supplier,a domestic manufacturer,and a foreign import retailer.The equilibrium decisions and profits of supply chain enterprises under the production of standardized and localized products by manufacturers were compared.Considering a competitive environment,numerical examples were designed to further analyze the influence of consumer localization preference and tariffs on the decisions and profits of supply chain enterprises.The research indicates that imposing bilateral tariffs inhibits the improvement of product localization,and the increase of consumer localization preferences amplifies the inhibitory effect of bilateral tariffs.In addition,when foreign product import tariffs meet certain conditions,manufacturers implement product localization strategies.At this time,market demand expands,sales prices rise,and foreign suppliers and retailers profit by"free riding";when domestic raw material import tariffs are higher,the level of product localization improvement in a competitive environment is greater than that in a non-competitive environment.