脊髓损伤后康复训练对大脑结构和功能影响机制的进展研究

Progress study on the effect of rehabilitation training on brain structure and function after spinal cord injury

脊髓损伤(spinal cord injury,SCI)是一种严重的神经损伤,它会破坏周围神经和大脑之间的上行和下行神经通路,不仅导致损伤区域和损伤水平以下的功能缺陷,还会导致大脑的形态、结构和功能重组。严重的运动和感觉功能障碍,并且对患者的生活产生了巨大的影响。这些变化给脊髓损伤的治疗带来了新的挑战和不确定性。康复训练是一种旨在促进脊髓和脑损伤后功能恢复的临床重要干预手段,它通过多种生理机制促进大脑皮层的激活和功能重组,恢复大脑功能,为患者运动和感觉功能的恢复提供了可能。本文从康复训练对大脑影响的机制、康复训练对脊髓损伤后脑神经因子的影响、康复训练对脑神经细胞的影响、康复训练促进脊髓皮质重塑与大脑的功能等方面进行归纳总结,以期为脊髓损伤后康复训练提供科学依据。

Spinal cord injury(SCI)is a severe neurological injury that disrupts the ascending and descending neural pathways between the peripheral nerves and the brain,leading to both functional deficits in the area of injury and below the level of injury and morphological,structural and functional remodeling of the brain.Severe motor and sensory dysfunctions have a dramatic impact on the daily life.These changes have created new challenges and uncertainties in the treatment of SCI.Rehabilitation training is an important therapeutic tool for favoring clinical interventions of functional recovery after spinal cord and brain injuries.Through promoting the activation and functional remodeling of the cerebral cortex and restoring brain function via multiple physiological mechanisms,rehabilitation training offers the possibility of recovering motor and sensory function in SCI patients.This paper summarized the mechanisms underlying the effects of rehabilitation training on the brain,neurofactors,brain nerve cells,and promotion of spinal cord cortical remodeling and brain function after SCI,aiming to provide a scientific basis for rehabilitation training after SCI.