北京友谊医院发热门诊流行性感冒流行病学特征及临床特征分析

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of influenza in fever clinic of Beijing Friendship Hospital

目的 探讨北京友谊医院发热门诊流行性感冒(流感)流行特征及临床特征分析,并分析其临床特征,为科学防治疾病提供策略指导。方法 收集2022年1~6月北京友谊医院流感监测系统上报的2 133例流感样病例(ILI)资料,整理、总结流感的流行趋势变化以及临床特征。结果 2022年1~6月北京友谊医院发热门诊(通州院区)就诊人数为7 919例,收集到ILI为2 133例,占比为26.94%。其中ILI阳性308例,阳性率为14.44%,其中甲流161例,占比为52.27%;乙流为147例,占比为47.73%。2 133例ILI病例中男1 073例,女1 060例,其中男性ILI阳性率高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。甲流、乙流中男性占比均高于女性。不同年龄中,>60岁ILI阳性率最高,依次递减分别为26~60岁、15~25岁;>60岁患者在甲流、乙流中占比最高,依次递减为26~60岁、15~25岁。不同时间中,1月ILI阳性率最高,依次递减为2月、3月、4月、6月、5月。甲流变化趋势为1月最高,2月、5月仅次于1月,剩余3月、4月、6月占比最少。乙流变化趋势为1月占比最高,依次递减为2月、3月、4月、6月、5月。甲流患者发热、肝功能损害占比,白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、血小板计数以及C反应蛋白水平高于乙流,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);甲流和乙流患者其他临床症状、并发症以及淋巴细胞计数比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 北京友谊医院发热门诊调查中显示流感患者主要为甲流,>60岁是流感高发人群,男性更易感染流感,1、2月为流感高发月份,临床应加强流感高发人群和季节监控,采取相应措施,避免出现大范围流行。

Objective To explore the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of influenza in the fever clinic of Beijing Friendship Hospital,thus providing guidance for scientific prevention and treatment.Methods The data of epidemiological and clinical characteristics of influenza-like illness(ILI) cases reported by the influenza surveillance system of Beijing Friendship Hospital from January to June 2022 were collected and summarized.Results From January to June 2022,the number of visits to the fever clinic of Beijing Friendship Hospital(Tongzhou District) was 7919,and 2133(2133/7919 %) ILI cases were collected.Of which 308(308/2133 %) cases were positive ILI,with 161(161/308 %) cases of influenza A and 147(147/308 %) cases of influenza B.Among the 2133 cases of ILI,there were 1 073 males and 1 060 females.The proportion of positive rate,influenza A and influenza B of male ILI were significantly higher than those of female(P<0.05).The proportion of ILI positive rate,influenza A and influenza B were the highest at the age of>60 years old,decreasing sequentially from 26 to 60 years old and from 15 to 25 years old.At different times,the positive rate of ILI was highest in January,decreasing in order to February,March,April,June,and May.The trend of H1N1 influenza was the highest in January,second only to January in February and May,with the remaining months of March,April,and June accounting for the least.The trend of changes in the second stream was the highest proportion in January,decreasing in order to February,March,April,June,and May.The proportion of fever and liver function damage,white blood cell count,neutrophil count,platelet count,and C-reactive protein levels in patients with influenza A were significantly higher than those in patients with influenza B(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in other clinical symptoms,complications,and lymphocyte count between patients with influenza A and influenza B(P>0.05).Conclusion According to the survey of fever clinics at Beijing Friendship Hospital,the influenza is mainly influenza A,people aged >60 and males are the more susceptible to influenza,and the peak period is January and February.In clinical practice,vaccination should be strengthened for people aged >60,and strict testing should be conducted for influenza outbreaks from January to February to avoid widespread outbreaks.