腹腔镜保肛术式在低位进展期直肠癌患者中的应用研究进展

Research progress on laparoscopic anus-preserving surgery for lower advanced rectal cancer

直肠癌属于临床上较为常见的一种消化系统恶性肿瘤,随着人类生活方式的日益转变以及人口老龄化态势的持续加剧,该病发病率呈逐年升高趋势,已成为严重威胁人类生命健康安全的重大疾病之一。临床上大多数直肠癌患者均为中低位直肠癌,而针对该类直肠癌患者的治疗手段往往是选用以外科手术为主的综合治疗。随着医疗水平的持续发展以及医疗理念的逐渐完善,目前认为针对直肠癌患者的治疗不但要达到根治的目的,而且应尽量确保肛门和泌尿生殖系统的正常功能。在上述治疗目标的基础上,腹腔镜保肛术式应运而生,且在低位进展期直肠癌患者的治疗中日益广泛,包括局部切除术、前切除术以及前切除术与肛门括约肌间切除术联用等术式。随着外科医务工作者的不懈努力,在不久的未来势必会有更为完美的新技术可以治疗低位直肠癌患者,提升患者术后肛门功能及生存质量。

Rectal cancer(RC) is a common digestive system malignant tumor,which increases yearly with lifestyle changes and population aging,and it has become one of the major diseases that seriously threatens human life and health.Clinically,due to the occurrence of RC most in middle and low position,a comprehensive treatment based on surgery is often used.With the continuous development of medical level and the gradual improvement of medical concept,it is believed that the treatment of rectal cancer patients should not only achieve the purpose of radical cure,but also ensure as far as possible normal function of the anal and genitourinary system.Based on this,laparoscopic anus-preserving surgery has emerged,especially for low advanced RC,including local excision,anterior resection,and anterior resection combined with anal sphincter resection.With the great efforts made by surgical healthcare providers,a modified new technology is expected in the future to treat low rectal cancer and improve the postoperative anal function and quality of life.