重庆市合川区发热伴呼吸道感染患者多病原体监测结果分析

Analysis of multiple pathogens monitoring results of patients with fever and respiratory tract infection in Hechuan district,Chongqing

目的分析重庆市合川区发热伴呼吸道感染患者的病原体流行病学特征。方法选取2022-2023年重庆市合川区某医院246例发热伴急性呼吸道感染患者,采用多重聚合酶链反应(PCR)法对甲型/乙型流感病毒、新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)等18种病原体进行检测,同时应用实时荧光定量PCR法开展SARS-CoV-2、流感病毒及其分型检测,分析呼吸道病原体感染情况,并比较2种检测方法的一致性。结果246例患者中,呼吸道病原体阳性159例,其中1种以上病原体感染144例(58.54%)。不同性别患者呼吸道病原体总检出率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同性别患者各种呼吸道病原体检出率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同年龄段患者呼吸道病原体总检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同年龄段患者流感病毒、RSV检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而其他呼吸道病原体检出率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同季节就诊患者呼吸道病原体总检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同季节就诊患者H3N2+SARS-CoV-2、H1N1、SARS-CoV-2检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而其他呼吸道病原体检出率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对于SARS-CoV-2、流感病毒,多重PCR技术和实时荧光定量PCR法敏感性基本一致,二者具有较好的一致性。结论流感病毒是2022-2023年重庆市合川区发热伴呼吸道感染患者致病的主要病原体,其他病原体混合感染的情况也并不少见。对于SARS-CoV-2和流感病毒,多重PCR法和实时荧光定量PCR法敏感性基本一致。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pathogens in patients with fever and respiratory tract infection in Hechuan district,Chongqing.Methods From 2022 to 2023,a total of 246 patients with fever and acute respiratory tract infection in a hospital in Hechuan District were selected to detect 18 pathogens such as influenza A/B virus,novel coronavirus(SARS-CoV-2)and respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)by multiple polymerase chain reaction(PCR).At the same time,real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect SARS-CoV-2,influenza virus and their subtypes.The situation of respiratory pathogen infection was analyzed,and the consistency of the two detection methods was compared.Results Among the 246 patients,159 patients were positive for respiratory pathogens,of which 144(58.54%)were infected with one or more pathogens.There was no statistically significant difference in the total detection rate of respiratory pathogens among the patients of different genders(P>0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the detection rates of various respiratory pathogens among the patients of different genders(P>0.05).The total detection rate of respiratory pathogens in the patients of different age groups was compared,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The detection rates of influenza virus and RSV in the patients of different age groups were statistically significant(P<0.05),while the detection rates of other respiratory pathogens were not statistically significant(P>0.05).The total detection rate of respiratory pathogens in the patients visiting different seasons was compared,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The detection rates of H3N2+SARS-CoV-2,H1N1,SARS-CoV-2 in the patients visiting different seasons were statistically significant(P<0.05),while the detection rates of other respiratory pathogens were not statistically significant(P>0.05).For SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses,the sensitivity of multiplex PCR technology and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR method was basically the same,and the two had good consistency.Conclusion Influenza virus is the main pathogen causing fever with respiratory infections in Hechuan district from 2022 to 2023,and mixed infection with other pathogens is not uncommon.For SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses,the sensitivity of multiplex PCR and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR methods is basically the same.