重庆市巴南区学龄前儿童视力发育现状及影响因素分析

Analysis of the current status of visual acuity development and influencing factors of preschool children in Banan District of Chongqing

目的分析重庆市巴南区学龄前儿童的视力发育现状并探究其影响因素。方法选择2023年3—6月巴南区内共10所托幼机构在读学龄前儿童1219例,对其进行视力检查,同时采用问卷对儿童家属进行调查。结果1219例学龄前儿童中,132(10.83%)例为视力不良。在母亲视力是否不良、不同出生体重、出生时是否患新生儿肺炎、出生时是否患病理性黄疸、是否斜视看电视、不同家庭采光条件、是否有眼疾史、不同胡萝卜食用情况、是否被动吸烟、是否缺锌、是否定期检查视力方面,学龄前儿童视力不良发生率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。母亲视力不良、家庭采光条件不良、从不定期检查视力是学龄前儿童视力不良的危险因素(OR=1.385、1.563、1.796)。不斜视看电视、经常吃胡萝卜是儿童视力发育的保护因素(OR=0.237、0.311)。结论家属和幼儿园等机构应高度关注学龄前儿童视力问题,通过多种方式引导其形成正确的用眼习惯,及时发现并纠正不良用眼行为。同时应定期进行视力检查,及时发现儿童视力异常情况。

Objective To analyze the current status of visual acuity development of preschool children in Banan district of Chongqing and explore its influencing factors.Methods A total of 1219 preschool children enrolled in 10 nursery institutions within Banan district from March to June 2023 were selected for visual acuity screening,and a questionnaire was also used to survey the children′s families.Results Out of 1219 preschool children,132(10.83%)had poor vision.Comparison of the incidence of poor vision in preschool children with different conditions in terms of whether their mothers had poor vision,different birth weights,whether they had neonatal pneumonia at the time of birth,whether they had pathological jaundice at the time of birth,whether they had squinted to watch television,different home lighting conditions,whether they had a history of eye disease,different carrot consumption,whether they were passive smokers,whether they were zinc deficient,and whether they had regular vision checkups was statistically significant(P<0.05).Poor vision of the mother,poor lighting conditions in the home,and never ha ving regular vision checkups were risk factors for poor vision in preschool children(OR=1.385,1.563,1.796).Watching TV without squint and eating carrots regularly were protective factors for children′s visual development(OR=0.237,0.311).Conclusio n Families and kindergartens and other institutions should pay close attention to the visual problems of preschool children,guide them to form correct eye habits through various means,and detect and correct bad eye behaviors in a timely manner.Regular visual checkups should also be conducted to detect any abnormalities in children′s vision in a timely manner.