论农村宅基地资格权主体的认定

On the Identification of the Subject of Rural Homestead Qualification Right

本文基于法解释学等研究方法,阐释集体经济组织成员家庭作为农村宅基地资格权主体的基本原理,构建农村宅基地资格权主体的双层认定标准。研究发现:具备集体经济组织成员资格是农村宅基地资格权主体的认定基础。《中华人民共和国民法典》“农民集体所有的不动产和动产,属于本集体成员集体所有”条款和绝大多数地方政策均规定农村宅基地资格权主体应具备集体经济组织成员资格,少数地方政策规定非集体经济组织成员享有农村宅基地资格权不妥。家庭是农村宅基地资格权主体的最小认定单元。这是《中华人民共和国土地管理法》“农村村民一户只能拥有一处宅基地”、《中华人民共和国宪法》“农村集体经济组织实行家庭承包经营为基础、统分结合的双层经营体制”和《中华人民共和国宪法》“婚姻、家庭、母亲和儿童受国家的保护”的规范要求。应当构建农村宅基地资格权主体的双层认定标准,即先确认家庭是否具有集体经济组织成员资格,再判断家庭是否实现宅基地权益。符合双层标准的集体经济组织成员家庭,方可被认定为农村宅基地资格权主体。

Based on legal hermeneutics and other research methods,this paper explains the basic principle of the member families of collective economic organization being identified as the subjects of rural homestead qualification rights,and constructs the double-layer identification standard of the subject of rural homestead qualification right.The study finds that the membership of collective economic organizations is the basis for identifying the subject of the rural homestead qualification right.The Civil Code of the People's Republic of China stipulates that the real and movable property owned by the farmers'collective belongs to the members of the collective’ and the vast majority of local policies stipulate that the subject of rural qualification right to rural should have the membership of the collective economic organization,and it is inappropriate for a few local policies to stipulate that non-members of collective economic organizations enjoy the right to rural homestead qualification.The family is the smallest unit for identifying the subject of rural homestead qualification right.This is the normative requirements of the Land Management Law of the Peoples Republic of China,which states that“rural villagers may own only one homestead per household”,the Constitution of the People's Republic of China,which states that“rural collective economic organizations shall implement a two-tier management system based on family contracting and a combination of unity and division”,and the Constitution of the Peoples Republic of China,which states that“marriage,family,motherhood,and children are protected by the State”A double-layer identification standard for the subject of rural homestead qualification right should be established,i.e.to confirm whether the family has the membership of collective economic organizations,and then to determine whether the family has realized the rights and interests of homestead.Only those families that meet the double-layer criteria for membership of collective economic organizations can be recognized as the subjects of the qualification right for a rural homestead.