中医药防治肝癌作用机制的研究概述

Overview of Mechanism of TCM Prevention and Treatment of Liver Cancer

肝癌病因病机错综复杂,中医认为,肝癌发病的基本前提是正气亏虚,虚则内外之邪有机可乘,引起脏腑机能紊乱,气血津液失去固摄,痰湿热瘀毒结聚于内,聚之不散,故而发之为病,日久成癌。根据肝癌发病机制的不同,其治疗方法也有差异,西药的长期使用,不仅会导致对化疗药物的敏感性下降,还会导致耐药,且不良反应大,患者常难以承受,而中医凭借其整体观念、辨证论治的特点,加之三因制宜的治疗理念,在肝癌的治疗上具有明显的优势,可显著提高临床疗效,减轻患者身心痛苦,提高其生活质量,延长生存期。近年来,中医药对防治肝癌作用机制的研究逐渐深化,并取得了颇多的进展,主要集中在抑制癌细胞增殖作用、阻滞细胞周期、诱导癌细胞自杀和自噬菌体、增强机体免疫功能、调节信号通路、逆转肝癌细胞耐药性这6个方面。该文就中医药防治肝癌的作用机制研究进展做简要综述,为今后中医药防治肝癌的作用机制研究及其临床合理应用提供科学思路与依据。

The etiology and pathogenesis of liver cancer are complex and intricate. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the basic prerequisite for the onset of liver cancer is the deficiency of righteous Qi. If the Qi deficiency occurs, the internal and external evils can attack the body, causing dysfunction of Zang-Fu organs, loss of controlling Qi, blood and body fluids. The accumulation of phlegm, dampness, heat, blood stasis and toxins inside cannot disperse, leading to liver cancer over time. According to the different pathogenesis of liver cancer, there are also differences in its treatment methods. The long-term use of Western medicine not only leads to a decrease in sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs, but also leads to drug resistance and large adverse reactions, which are often difficult to bear. Traditional Chinese medicine, with its holistic concept, syndrome differentiation and treatment characteristics, combined with the three factors tailored treatment concept, has obvious advantages in the treatment of liver cancer, and can significantly improve the clinical efficacy, reduce patients' physical and mental pain, improve the quality of life and prolong the survival. In recent years, the research on the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in preventing and treating liver cancer has gradually deepened and made significant progress, mainly focusing on inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, blocking cell cycle, inducing cancer cell suicide and autophagy, enhancing immune function, regulating signaling pathways and reversing drug resistance in liver cancer cells. This article provided a brief review of the research progress on the mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of liver cancer, as well as the scientific ideas and basis for future research on the mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of liver cancer and its clinical rational application.