南非对华反倾销的现状、原因与对策

The Current Situation,Causes and Countermeasures of South Africa's Antidumpingg against China

南非是中国在非洲的最大贸易伙伴,也是非洲对华反倾销最多的国家。基于世贸组织背景下1995~2021年南非对华反倾销的全部44个案例,可以发现:中国是南非反倾销的首要对象国;钢铁行业及制品是南非对华反倾销涉案最多的行业及产品;南非对华反倾销执行率较低,且主要基于倾销与损害缺乏因果关系;南非代表着南部非洲关税同盟5个成员国对华反倾销。南非对华反倾销高发的主要原因包括:南非倚重以反倾销为代表的贸易救济措施扶持本国经济增长和摆脱中等收入陷阱;中国是南非第一大进口来源国和最大贸易伙伴国;钢铁产业是南非着力保护的制造业重要支柱产业;中国企业忽视利用价格承诺作为积极应诉的有效措施;中国对南非的反倾销案件稀少。南非对华反倾销的高发,已严重影响了中南进出口贸易的扩大和中南经贸关系的深化。为此,中国应加强中南两国发展战略及规划的对接合作,尽早与南非建立以自由贸易区为代表的区域经济一体化组织,重视对南部非洲关税同盟及其对华反倾销的研究,扩大对南非以钢铁产业为重点的直接投资,积极应诉南非对华反倾销。

South Africa is China's largest trading partner in Africa,and has the most antidumping cases against China in Africa.Based on all the 44 cases of South Africa's antidumping against China from 1995 to 2021 under WTO,we can find that:China is the primary target country of South Africa's antidumping;The steel industry and products are most frequently involved in South Africa's antidumping against China;South Africa's antidumping implementation rate against China is low,and it is mainly based on the lack of causal relationship between dumping and injury;South Africa represents five members of the Southern African Customs Union in antidumping against China.The main reasons for South Africa's frequent antidumping against China include:South Africa relies on trade remedies represented by antidumping to support its economic growth and get rid of the middle-income trap;China is South Africa's largest source of imports and largest trading partner;The steel industry is an important pillar industry of South Africa's manufacturing industry;Chinese enterprises neglect to take price undertakingg as an effective measure to actively respond to lawsuits;China's antidumping cases against South Africa are rare.The frequent occurrence of South Africa's antidumping against China has seriously affected the expansion of China-South Africa's import and export trade and the deepening of China-South Africa's economic and trade relations.Therefore,China should strengthen the match-making and cooperation between the development strategies and plans of China and South Africa.The two sides should establish a regional economic integration organization represented by a free trade area as soon as possible;attach importance to the study of the Southern African Customs Union and its antidumping against China;expand China's direct investment in South Africa,focusing on the steel industry;and actively respond to South Africa's antidumping against China.