全然超越性与最彻底个体化——《存在与时间》中存在追问的困境

Tension between the Transcendens Pure and Simple and the Most Radical Individuation:Dilemmas in the Question of Being in Being and Time

《存在与时间》探究存在之意义,海德格尔所筹划的探索路径包括了全然超越之存在与最彻底个体化之此在之间的诠释学循环。这一循环有两个步骤:首先依据存在来规定此在,其次依据此在来规定存在之意义。但是,全然超越之存在与最彻底个体化之此在进行相互规定会面临根本性困境,这一根本困境可以借助黑格尔与胡塞尔的哲学思考得到展示。第一步的困境在于,规定此在的那个存在概念本身同时包含未被规定之存在与已被规定之存在这两个相互冲突的含义,第二步面临的困境是,作为最彻底个体化的此在无法以海德格尔所论述的方式来规定全然超越的形式化的存在概念。实际上,海德格尔本人对《存在与时间》的边注也反映了其后期对上述困境的清楚认识与明确反思。

In Being and Time Heidegger explores the meaning of Being and presents a hermeneutical cycle between Being as the transcendens pure and simple and Dasein as the most radical Individuation.This cycle involves two steps:first,Dasein is determined on the basis of Being,and then the meaning of Being is determined on the basis of Dasein.However,the mutual determination between Being as the transcendens pure and simple and Dasein as the most radical Individuation encounters fundamental difficulties.This paper aims to disclose these challenges by drawing on Hegel's and Husserl's philosophies.It highlights how the concept of Being which determines Dasein incorporates conflicting meanings of Being,one indeterminate and the other determinate.Moreover,Dasein,as the most radical Individuation,is incapable of determining Being as the transcendens pure and simple as Heidegger proposes.Heidegger's later marginal notes on Being and Time indicate his clear understanding and explicit reflection on the aforementioned dilemmas.