信阳地区传统村落山水空间格局特征研究

Research on Landscape Spatial Pattern Characteristics of Traditional Villages in Xinyang

山水空间为传统村落的形成和演进提供环境基础,是其可持续发展的重要场所,也是当下保护规划与空间发展需要考虑的重要层面之一。以河南信阳地区传统村落为研究对象,通过核密度、高程等分析,依山水关系划分为山谷盆地型、丘陵盆地型和丘陵平原型三类,后通过Google地图、实地踏勘和无人机等方法获取卫星影像,总结出不同地形地貌条件下传统村落的平面形态特征,根据村水距离界定空间范围和空间层级,并以图示的方式对基于“山、水、田、村”关系的空间格局进行表达,进而揭示各不同类型村落空间格局的形成机制。研究结果表明:丘陵平原型村落由于地形平坦常呈现出团状形态,池塘数量较多,形成田-塘-村-塘-田-河的空间格局;丘陵盆地型村落多位于浅山地区,依山而建,形态丰富多样,形成山-村-塘-田-河的空间格局;山谷盆地型村落受地形限制多发展为带状,形成山-村-塘-田-河-山的空间格局。

As an environmental foundation for the formation and evolution of traditional villages,landscape space is an important place for its sustainable development,and it is also one of the important aspects to be considered in current protection planning and spatial development.Taking the traditional villages in the Xinyang area of Henan Province as the research object,through the analysis methods of nuclear density,ele-vation,and so on,the traditional villages in the Xinyang area were divided into three types:valley-basin type,hill-basin type and hill-flat type according to the relations between mountains and rivers.After obtai-ning satellite images through Google maps,field surveys and unmanned aerial vehicles,the plane morpholog-ical characteristics of traditional villages under different landform conditions were summarized.The spatial scope and spatial level were defined according to the distance between the village and the water.Finally,the spatial pattern based on the relations of“mountain,water,field and village”was expressed in a graphic method,so as to reveal the formation mechanism of the spatial pattern of different types of villages.The re-sults showed that because of the flat terrain,villages on the plain of hills and often showed a cluster shape and a large number of ponds,forming a spatial pattern of the field-pond-village-pond-field.Hill-basin type villages are mostly located in shallow mountain areas with rich and diverse forms.They are built along the mountain,forming a spatial pattern of the mountain-village-pond-field-river.The valley-basin type villages are mostly developed into belts due to the terrain restriction forming a spatial pattern of the moun-tain-village-pond-field-river-mountain.