个人信用信息采集最小化原则的适用困境与替代方案

Application of Principles of Minimization in Collection of Personal Credit Information:Dilemma and Alternatives

许多国家的立法都将最小化原则视为个人信息收集行为的基本准则,在个人征信领域,这一原则也体现在《征信业务管理办法》第七条中。与一般的个人信息收集行为相比,作为个人征信的首要环节,信用信息的采集行为具有一系列特殊性。这些特殊性削弱了最小化原则适用的必要性,也使得《征信业务管理办法》第七条的合理性存疑。最小化原则的适用可能导致权益冲突加剧、征信市场供求关系进一步失衡、信用奖惩机制的效用受限等危害。如果放弃最小化原则,个人征信机构权益和个人征信产业发展会得到更好的保障。与此同时,需要注意防范信息过度采集行为侵犯信用主体权益。负面清单制度、相关性原则和使用最小化原则的结合可以最大程度地实现信用主体和征信机构间的权益平衡。

The principle of minimization is regarded in legislation as a fundamental principle for personal information collection in many countries.In personal credit reporting,this principle is also expressed in Article 7 of the Credit Reporting Business Management Measures.In comparison with general personal information collecting behavior,credit information collection,being primary in personal credit reporting,takes on a series of specific features,which weaken the necessity for the application of the principle of minimization,and cast doubt on the rationality of Article 7 of the"Measures".The application of the minimization principle may lead to intensified conflict of rights and interests,further imbalance of supply and demand in the credit market,and the limited effectiveness of the credit reward and punishment mechanism.If the minimization principle is given up,better maintained will be the rights and interests of personal credit agencies and the development of personal credit industry.Meanwhile,it is necessary to be cautious that information collection is not so excessively made that the rights and interests of credit subjects will be infringed.The combination of the negative list system,the relevance principle and the use of minimization principle will jointly help achieve to the greatest extent the balance of rights and interests between credit subjects and credit investigation agencies.