刑事诉讼中个人信息国家保护义务的检视与完善

On the Establishment and Realization of the State Obligation to Protect Personal Information in Criminal Proceedings

在刑事诉讼中,个人信息的权利保护路径具有效能不稳定、救济滞后等缺陷,应当双管齐下完善个人信息国家保护义务路径,通过发挥该路径实施阻力较小、保护效果显著等优势,弥补对个人信息保护的薄弱与不足。然而,我国的个人信息国家消极保护义务具有虚置化倾向,积极保护义务缺乏具体制度支撑,且对未履行保护义务的程序性制裁缺失,致使公安司法机关个人信息保护义务履行并不充分、应然功用被不当湮没。基于此,应实现《刑事诉讼法》与《个人信息保护法》的有效衔接,细化与落实积极保护义务与消极保护义务,构建未履行保护义务时的程序性制裁措施。

In criminal proceedings,the path of the protection towards personal information rights is characterized by unstable effectiveness,lagging relief and other shortcomings,a two pronged approach should be taken to improve the path of the State's obligation to protect,in order to make up for the weaknesses and deficiencies in the protection of personal information by giving full play to the advantages of the path in terms of its lesser resistance to implementation and its significant protection effect.However,China's national negative protection obligation has a tendency of virtualization,the positive protection obligation lacks of specific institutional support,and the procedural sanctions are limited because of the failure to comply with the protection obligation,which results in the insufficient implementation of the national protection obligation,and the due function has been unduly obliterated.Based on this,it is necessary to achieve effective connection between the Criminal Procedure Law and the Personal Information Protection Law,while implementing positive and negative obligations,and constructing procedural sanctions for failure to fulfill protection obligations.