环境资源民事案件跨区域集中管辖之审视与规则建构

Review and Construction of Centralized Cross-regional Jurisdiction over Civil Cases of Environmental Resources

环境资源民事案件跨区域集中管辖是人民法院对环境资源民事案件集中行使管辖权的一种形式,旨在通过建立与行政区划适当分离的管辖制度,促进对生态环境的整体性保护,提升环境审判质效,推进环境审判专门化,提高环境审判协同治理水平。但在环境资源民事案件跨区域集中管辖实践运行中反映出跨区域集中管辖程度不高、环境审判专门机构组织体系不健全、受案范围不规范及与普通民事诉讼管辖制度不相协调的局限,阻碍了集中管辖的有效展开和实质推进。我国未来环境资源民事案件跨区域集中管辖的建构应科学划定集中管辖司法辖区、建立健全环境资源法院组织体系、规范受案范围、合理协调与普通民事诉讼管辖制度的关系,由此留下的规范真空,则可通过指定管辖、巡回审判以及环境审判协作机制的适用予以填补。

Centralized cross-regional jurisdiction in civil environmental resource cases is a form of people's courts exercising jurisdiction over environmental resources civil cases across administrative divisions,aiming at promoting the overall protection of the ecological environment,improving the quality and efficiency of environmental trials,promoting the specialization of environmental trials and raising the level of collaborative governance of environmental trials by establishing a jurisdiction system for environmental resources civil cases that is properly separated from administrative divisions.However,the practice of centralized cross-regional jurisdiction of environmental resources civil cases reflects the limitations of low degree of centralized cross-regional jurisdiction,deficient organizational system of specialized environmental trial institutions,non-standard scope of accepting cases and uncoordinated jurisdiction rules with ordinary civil proceedings,which hinders the effective development and substantive promotion of centralized cross-regional jurisdiction.In the future,the construction path of centralized cross-regional jurisdiction of environmental resources civil cases in China should scientifically define the jurisdiction of centralized jurisdiction,establish and improve the organizational system of environmental resources courts,standardize the scope of accepting cases,and rationally coordinate the relationship between centralized jurisdiction and ordinary civil litigation jurisdiction system.The normative vacuum left by this can be filled by the application of designated jurisdiction,circuit trial and environmental judicial cooperation mechanism.