中国杏鲍菇栽培技术的演进与发展

The evolution and development of cultivation techniques of Pleurotus eryngii in China

中国杏鲍菇生产自2000年后快速发展,20年间产量增长近百倍,2021年达205.18万吨,目前以工厂化栽培为主。本文介绍我国杏鲍菇工厂化生产发展历程,指出袋栽网格墙式生产模式作为我国杏鲍菇工厂化栽培主要模式,其相比工厂化瓶栽模式,具有菇房的利用率高、生物转化率高、建设成本低、病害发生率低等优点,介绍其演变过程、特点及技术关键点。并从AI数字化工厂建设、批量定制化生产发展以及市场变化等方面,探讨未来工厂化栽培创新方向。

The production scale of Pleurotus eryngii in China has experienced rapid development since 2000,with a production growth nearly one hundred times within 20 years,reaching 2.05 million tons in 2021.At present,it was mainly cultivated industrially.This paper provided an overview of the history of industrial production of P.eryngii in China,and pointed out that the“bag planting grid wall”production mode,as the main industrial cultivation mode of P.eryngii in China,offering advantages such as high utilization rate of mushroom house,high biological conversion rate,low construction cost,and low incidence of disease compared with the factory bottle cultivation mode.The paper also introduced its evolution,characteristics,and key technical points,and discussed the future innovation direction of factory cultivation by exploring the construction of AI digital factories,the development of batch customized production,and market changes.