俄乌冲突背景下美国对乌克兰援助的特点与影响因素探析

Features and Factors behind US Aid to Ukraine against the Backdrop of the Russia-Ukraine Conflict

2022年俄乌冲突爆发,至今两国仍处于僵持状态,美西方的援助是导致冲突延宕未决的重要原因。美国对乌克兰的援助在凸显拜登政府执政风格的同时,参与行为体、援助内容以及援助方式等均呈现多样化特点。其中,削弱俄罗斯实力与影响力、维系以美国为首的联盟体系的外部需求为美国对乌援助提供了强大的拉力;巨大的经济收益和改善美国国际形象以彰显其国际领导力等内在因素也推动着美国不断扩大对乌援助。然而,随着俄乌冲突的持续发展,联盟内部分歧、俄罗斯表现出的战略韧性、巴以新一轮冲突、乌克兰的腐败问题及其国内政治、经济和社会舆论矛盾重重等因素导致美国对乌援助的不确定性不断增大。

The aid from the US and the West is the essential cause of the protraction of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine.While US aid to Ukraine highlights the governing style of president Biden,the participating activities,and the content and the manner of the aid is presenting a variety of features.The external factors,such as undermining Russia's strength and influence,maintaining the coalition system led by the US,are motivating the US to offer the aid.Internal factors include considerable economic benefit,the improvement of America's international image to demonstrate its international leadership.However,the uncertainty of the US aid keeps increasing owing to the internal divergence,Russia s strategic resilience,the outbreak of a new round of Palestine-Israel conflict,corruption in Ukraine,as well as a variety of contradictions regarding the domestic politics,the economy,and the public options of the US.