中俄卫星技术合作:现状、问题与前景

China-Russia Satellite Cooperation:Current Situation,Problems and Prospects

卫星应用技术和研发是各国重要的科技战略资源。卫星应用技术方面,在导航领域保障了重要的时空基准信息源,在通信领域提供了高覆盖率、高安全度的信息服务。四大卫星导航系统各有优势,北斗系统和格洛纳斯系统的合作有利于双方导航系统的性能提升。中俄两国在卫星导航领域的合作经历了明确合作意向(2014~2016年)、提供合作保障(2017~2021年)和落实合作项目(2022~2023年)三个阶段。在尚未完全解决的极地通信领域,两国具备合作条件与合作前景。卫星研发方面,中俄各有优势,俄罗斯的火箭发动机技术基础扎实,中国的电子信息制造业和5G网络技术则具有领先优势。总体来说,中俄在卫星技术合作上具有合作领域的保守性、可变性特点,双方合作意愿强,实际进展慢,易受国际局势影响,但仍有合作空间与发展潜力。

The cooperation between China's Beidou Satellite Navigation System and Russia's Global Navigation Satellite System is favorable to the enhancement in the performance of both systems.The cooperation in the satellite navigation systems has experienced three phases.China and Russia also enjoy favorable conditions for cooperation,in the sphere of polar communications which have not yet been fully resolved.Either China or Russia enjoys advantages regarding satelite R&D as Russian rocket engines enjoy solid technological basis while China has its own advantages in electronical information manufacturing and the 5G technology.