先秦文学神游书写的文化隐义

Cultural Implications of Spiritual Journey Writing in Pre-Qin Literature

先秦文学中有丰富的神游书写,其所涉及山水客体内隐着丰富的文化要义。时间流逝伴随着神游主体记忆的消亡,时间永恒引发的理想诉求,有无相生,动机效果关系,凡此种种,体现了古人对于山水的哲学思辨。神游主体之于山水客体的美丑感受,神游书写展示出的雄伟、缥缈、轻盈、朦胧、谲怪、奇诡等审美意象,开发了中国古典美学多种审美范式。神游中的山水与神仙的结盟,固化为一种“仙山”理念,开创了中国本土宗教中仙道文化的先河。这些文化隐义对中国古代文学中的神仙赋、游仙诗、玄言诗、梦境文学的形成产生了深远的影响。

In pre-Qin literature,there are rich descriptions of spiritual journeys,and the landscapes and objects involved contain rich cultural significance.The passage of time is accompanied by the fading of the subject’s memory,the pursuit of ideals inspired by the eternity of time,the interplay between existence and non-existence,the relationship between motivation and effect,and all of these reflect the philosophical speculation of ancient people on mountains and waters.The subject’s perception of beauty and ugliness in landscapes,and the majestic,ethereal,light,hazy,strange,and bizarre aesthetic images displayed in these writings,have developed various aesthetic paradigms in classical Chinese aesthetics.The alliance of landscapes with immortals in these spiritual journeys solidified into the concept of“immortal mountains”,pioneering the indigenous Chinese religious culture of Xian Dao(the ways of immortals).These cultural implications have had a profound impact on the formation of Fu poetry about immortals,poetry on roaming with immortals,metaphysical poetry,and dream literature in ancient Chinese literature.