倍频信号相位差的皮秒级精度测量

Picosecond-level Precision Measurement of Phase Difference Between Frequency-Multiplied Signals

为满足现代科学对于高精度时刻信号的需求,使用正弦波相位信息作为时刻信号测量的精细标记,有望将时刻信号同步误差精确至皮秒量级。与正弦波信号相位无漂移的倍频信号可以被用作表征正弦波信号一个周期内的精细相位信息,对倍频信号间相位漂移量的皮秒级精度测量是校准倍频信号与基频正弦波信号间的相位漂移量的前提。目前尚无一种仪器能对倍频信号间相位差进行皮秒级精度测量,创新性地设计了一种针对倍频信号相位差的皮秒级精度测量电路;并通过分析电路中使用的功分器、放大器、混频器、滤波器、衰减器对信号相位的影响,测量电路自身对待测值影响不超过3 ps且测量结果的秒稳定度在E-13量级,证明测量电路的精度及稳定度均满足皮秒级高精度测量的需求。为更进一步校准信号间相位漂移,精确表征正弦波相位信息从而为实现高精度时刻信号同步创造了条件。

To meet the demand for high-precision timing signals in modern science,using the phase information of sine waves as a fine marker for timing signal measurement is expected to accurately synchronize timing signal errors to the picosecond level.The frequency-multiplied signal with no phase drift relative to the sine wave can be used to characterize the fine phase information within one cycle of a sine wave signal.The prerequisite for calibrating the phase drift between the frequency-multiplied signal and the fundamental sine wave signal is the picosecond-level precision measurement of the phase drift between frequency-multiplied signals.Currently,there is no instrument capable of measuring the phase difference between frequency-multiplied signals with picosecond-level precision.This paper innovatively designs a picosecond-level precision measurement circuit for the phase difference of frequency-multiplied signals.By analyzing the influence of power dividers,amplifiers,mixers,filters,and attenuators used in the circuit on the signal phase,it is demonstrated that the measurement circuit itself causes a phase difference of no more than 3 ps for the measured value,and the stability of the measurement results is in the E-13 level,proving that both the precision and stability of the measurement circuit meet the requirements of picosecond-level high-precision measurement.This creates conditions for further calibrating the phase drift between signals and accurately characterizing the phase information of sine waves to achieve high-precision timing signal synchronization.