胡汉文化融合下的莫高窟285窟北璧男供养人冠帽

Crowns and Hats of Male Supporters on the North Wall of Cave 285 in Mogao Caves under the Fusion of Hu and Han Cultures

莫高窟285窟处于西魏时期胡汉文化交流的大背景下,该窟男供养人的冠帽即有来自北方游牧民族的鲜卑风帽,又有来自中原汉族的笼冠。北壁男供养人的壁画形象生动地展现了其冠帽特征。结合图像分析法、古籍文献法以及出土文物及其他洞窟壁画的冠帽造型特征,进行综合比较分析。结果表明:285窟北壁男供养人冠帽种类主要包含垂裙帽、平巾愤、笼冠等,极具多民族特色,且随着冠帽汉化的过程其造型也在发生变化。同时,285窟也是该时期胡汉服饰文化融合的典型代表。

Mogao Grottoes 285 grottoes in the Western Wei period in the context of cultural exchanges between Hu and Han,the grotto male feeders of the crown and hat,namely,from the northern nomadic Xianbei wind hat,but also from the Central Han cage crown.The mural image of the male feeder on the north wall vividly shows the characteristics of his crown and hat.Combined with the image analysis method,ancient literature method and excavated artifacts and other cave murals of the crown and hat modeling characteristics,a comprehensive comparative analysis.The results show that:285 caves north wall male feeder hat type mainly contains hanging skirt hat,flat conical cap,cage crown,etc.,very multi-ethnic characteristics,and with the process of the crown hat Chinese styling is also changing.At the same time,Cave 285 is also a typical representative of the cultural integration of Hu and Han costumes inthisperiod.