绿鳍马面鲀附肢骨骼的早期发育研究

Early developmental patterns of the appendicular skeleton of Thamnaconus septentrionalis

运用软骨-硬骨双染色技术观察绿鳍马面(Thamnaconus septentrionalis)初孵仔鱼与1~60 d仔、稚和早期幼鱼附肢骨骼的发育,以确定其发育时序和骨化特征。结果表明,附肢骨骼的出现时序依次为胸鳍(1 d)、第一背鳍(8 d)、腹鳍(11 d)、第二背鳍(14 d)、臀鳍(14 d)、尾鳍(18 d);硬骨化时序依次为第一背鳍(23 d)、腹鳍(23 d)、第二背鳍(25 d)、臀鳍(25 d)、尾鳍(25 d)、胸鳍(27 d)。由骨膜化硬骨的包括匙骨、后匙骨和尾杆骨,肩喙骨于13 d分化为肩胛骨和乌喙骨。第一背鳍26 d硬骨化完成;胸鳍和腹鳍60 d硬骨化完成;第二背鳍与臀鳍的支鳍骨和鳍条发育基本同步,60 d二鳍中部延伸的骨片彼此近相连;21 d尾部尾下骨、侧尾下骨、尾上骨和尾鳍鳍条清晰可见,共12根鳍条,其中尾下骨附着8根,尾上骨和尾杆骨各附着1根,侧尾下骨附着2根。研究结果填补了绿鳍马面仔、稚和早期幼鱼骨骼研究的空白,可为其苗种繁育提供理论参考,丰富了鱼类骨骼形态学和发育生物学的资料,有助于鱼类系统分化和系统分类的研究。

The developmental patterns of appendicular bones in newly hatched larvae and 1–60 day larvae,post-larvae,and juvenile of Thamnaconus septentrionalis were observed using the cartilaginous and bony double-staining technique to determine the timing and key stages of ossification.The results revealed the following sequence of appendicular skeleton occurrence:pectoral fin(1 day),first dorsal fin(8 days),ventral fin(11 days),second dorsal fin(14 days),anal fin(14 days),and caudal fin(18 days).The ossification sequence was as follows:first dorsal fin(23 days),ventral fin(23 days),second dorsal fin(25 days),anal fin(25 days),caudal fin(25 days),and pectoral fin(27 days).The sclerogenous bone consisted of the spoon,posterior spoon,and caudal bones,with the coracoid bone differentiating into the scapula and black coracoid bone at 13 days.The first dorsal fin sclerosified at 26 days,whereas the pectoral and pelvic fins sclerosified at 60 days.The development of branch bones,second dorsal fin,and anal fin occurred synchronously,and bone slices extending to the middle of the second fin were closely connected to each other at 60 days.The subcaudal bone,lateral subcaudal bone,supracaudal bone,and caudal fin strips of the tail became clearly visible on the 21st day.Of the 12 fin strips,8,1,1,and 2 bones were attached to the inferior caudal,superior caudal,caudal rod,and lateral subcaudal bones,respectively.This study fills the research gap in the skeletal development of larvae,juveniles,and early juveniles,provides a theoretical reference for breeding,enriches the data on skeletal morphology and developmental biology of fish,and contributes to the study of systematic differentiation and classification of fish.