2011—2022年北京市通州区重要人体寄生虫病监测结果及居民认知行为调查

SURVEILLANCE ON MAJOR HUMAN PARASITIC DISEASES AND RESIDENT AWARENESS IN TONGZHOU DISTRICT,BEIJING FROM 2011 TO 2022

目的分析北京市通州区2011—2022年寄生虫病监测和调查结果,为制订防控措施提供科学依据。方法从疾病信息报告管理系统和流行病学调查资料分析寄生虫病特征。按照北京市人体重点寄生虫病现状调查方案,采用分层整群抽样方法抽取调查点,采用改良加藤厚涂片法检测虫卵,儿童用透明胶纸肛拭法检测蛲虫虫卵。随机抽取部分居民进行认知行为问卷调查。结果2011—2022年北京市通州区寄生虫病例26例,其中疟疾21例、血吸虫病2例、包虫病2例、华支睾吸虫病1例,平均发病率为0.15/10万,除华支睾吸虫病例外均为输入性病例。2015年调查1500人,土源性线虫、华支睾吸虫等感染率为0。2019年调查1015人,土源性线虫、华支睾吸虫等感染率为0。对319人进行了土源性线虫病问卷调查,知晓率为71.79%,对379人进行了华支睾吸虫病问卷调查,知晓率为34.56%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=199.97,P<0.05)。结论北京市通州区寄生虫病例以输入性为主,人体重点寄生虫感染率处于较低水平,居民土源性线虫病知晓率较高,华支睾吸虫病知晓率较低,食源性寄生虫病有本地发病风险,应采取有针对性健康教育工作。随着外地和外籍病例到通州区就诊量的增多,对寄生虫病的培训、监测等防控工作始终不能放松。

Objective To analyze the surveillance and investigation results of parasitic diseases in the Tongzhou district of Beijing from 2011 to 2022,and to provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and control measures.Methods Analyze the characteristics of parasitic diseases from the disease information reporting management system and epidemiological survey data.According to the Beijing Human Important Parasitic Diseases Investigation Plan,a stratified cluster sampling method was used to select survey points.The modified Kato-Katz method was used to detect worm eggs,and the anal tape test was used to detect Enterobius vermicularis eggs in children.Residents were randomly selected for the awareness questionnaire survey.Results From 2011 to 2022,there were 26 cases of parasitic diseases in the Tongzhou District of Beijing,including 21 cases of malaria,two cases of schistosomiasis,two cases of hydatidosis,and one case of Clonorchiasis sinensis,with an average incidence rate of 0.15/100000.All cases except C.sinensis infection were imported.In 2015,1500 residents were surveyed,and the infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodes,C.sinensis,and other infections was 0.In 2019,1015 residents were surveyed,and the infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodes,C.sinensis,and other infections was 0.The resident questionnaire survey on diseases caused by soil-transmitted nematodes showed an awareness rate of 71.79%.A total of 379 resident questionnaire surveys on C.sinensis were completed,giving an awareness rate of 34.56%.The difference was statistically significant(X^(2)=199.97,P<0.05).Conclusion Parasitic cases in Tongzhou District,Beijing,are mainly imported from other regions or abroad,and the infection rate of major human parasitic diseases is relatively low.Residents had higher awareness of soil-transmitted nematode diseases and lower awareness of Clonorchiasis.The local risk of food-borne parasitic diseases is significant and targeted health education should be provided.With an increasing number of parasitic cases from other regions and abroad seeking medical services in Tongzhou District,prevention and control of parasitic diseases,such as education and surveillance,need to be emphasized.