漯河市典型工业源挥发性有机物源成分谱特征及影响

Source Profiles and Impact of Volatile Organic Compounds in Typical Industries in Luohe City

选取漯河市10类典型工业企业开展有组织排放挥发性有机物(VOCs)样品采集,分析各行业VOCs排放特征及其影响.结果表明,包装印刷行业排放VOCs以OVOC(60.9%)为主;工业涂装行业VOCs排放以芳香烃(42.4%)和OVOC(38.9%)为主;制鞋、家具制造和造纸行业的VOCs排放特征相似,以OVOC(32.3%~42.6%)和芳香烃(20.7%~33.7%)为主,且卤代烃排放也不容忽视;化工和制药行业排放的VOCs中卤代烃占比最高,分别为59.3%和46.6%;砖瓦制品行业的VOCs排放以烷烃为主(62.7%);热力生产与供应行业的VOCs排放特征以OVOC(48.5%)为主,其次为卤代烃(19.7%);食品制造行业的VOCs排放则以OVOC(48.1%)和烷烃(29.4%)为主.不同行业的VOCs特征物种存在差异,但整体上,丙酮、异丙醇、苯、甲苯、间/对-二甲苯、乙烷、乙醛和二氯甲烷是漯河市多数行业VOCs排放的特征物种.漯河市典型工业有组织排放的VOCs对臭氧生成潜势贡献较大的组分以OVOC和芳香烃为主,对二次有机气溶胶生成潜势较大的组分为芳香烃.食品制造和家具制造行业排放的VOCs生成O_(3)的源活性因子[SR(O_(3))]较高,分别为3.7g·g^(-1)和3.5 g·g^(-1);工业涂装、家具制造和制鞋行业排放的VOCs生成二次有机气溶胶的源活性因子[SR(SOA)]较高,分别为0.021、0.017和0.014 g·g^(-1);基于PM_(2.5)和O_(3)协同管控视角,食品制造、工业涂装和家具制造是漯河市应当优先管控的行业,家具制造行业则是优控行业中的重中之重.

Ten typical industries in Luohe City were selected for the sampling of organized emissions of volatile organic compounds(VOCs),and 114 VOCs components of each sample were detected to analyze their source characteristics and effects.The results showed that VOCs emissions of packaging and printing were mainly composed of OVOC(60.9%).In terms of the industrial coating,aromatic hydrocarbons(42.4%)and OVOC(38.9%)were the main VOCs species.The emissions of the footwear,furniture manufacturing,and paper industries were mainly composed of OVOC(32.3%-42.6%)and aromatic hydrocarbons(20.7%-33.7%),with noticeable halogenated hydrocarbons.Chemical and pharmaceutical industries mainly emitted halogenated hydrocarbons,with the proportions of 59.3%and 46.6%,respectively.The emissions of the brick industry were primarily composed of alkane(62.7%),and OVOC(48.5%),and halogenated hydrocarbons(19.7%)were the main contributors to VOCs emissions of the thermal industry.OVOC(48.1%)and alkane(29.4%)were the dominant species for the food manufacturing industry.In the packaging and printing industry,acetone(14.8%),isopropanol(14.0%),ethylacetate(11.1%),and toluene(10.2%)were the characteristic VOCs species.The emissions of industrial coating were dominated by isopropanol(25.6%),toluene(15.0%),m/p-xylene(12.4%),and acetone(7.1%).In the furniture manufacturing industry,m/p-xylene(15.8%),followed by hexanal(15.1%),1,2-dichloroethane(9.6%),and acetone(8.4%)were the characteristic VOCs species.The emissions of the footwear industry were dominated by acetone(18.9%),toluene(18.1%),methylene chloride(8.0%),and acetaldehyde(6.8%).The characteristic species of the chemical industry were methylene chloride(23.9%),1,2-dichloroethane(14.7%),acetone(12.7%),and trichloromethane(11.1%),and those for the pharmaceutical industry were bromoethane(36.7%),acetone(19.2%),benzene(5.0%),and vinyl acetate(3.0%).The emissions of the brick industry were mainly ethane,propane,ethylene,and benzene.Acetone,toluene,acetylene,and acetaldehyde were the primary VOCs species in the paper industry.The emissions of the food manufacturing industry were dominated by acetaldehyde,n-pentane,acrolein,and n-heptane.The emissions of the thermal industry were characterized by acetone,acetaldehyde,benzene,and toluene.Although different industries emitted various characteristic VOCs species,in general,acetone,isopropanol,benzene,toluene,m/p-xylene,ethane,acetaldehyde,and methylene chloride were the main characteristic species in most industries in Luohe.OVOC and aromatic hydrocarbons had higher contributions to ozone generation potential(OFP),and aromatic hydrocarbons contributed over 80.0%to secondary organic aerosol formation potential(SOAP).The source reactivity of ozone[SR(O_(3))]of the food and furniture manufacturing industries were higher,with values of 3.7 g·g^(-1)and 3.5 g·g^(-1),respectively,whereas the source reactivity of secondary organic aerosol SR(SOA)of the industrial coating,furniture manufacturing,and footwear industries were higher,with the values of 0.021,0.017,and 0.014 g·g^(-1).Hence,the food manufacturing,industrial coating,and furniture manufacturing industries should be the primary industries for the collaborative control of PM_(2.5) and ozone in Luohe City,of which the furniture manufacturing industry was the top priority.