石油污染从微观修复到生态调控的生态学转变

Ecological Transition from Micro-remediation to Ecological Regulation of Petroleum Pollution

石油污染已成为全球较为突出的环境问题,制约了经济与生态环境的协调发展.生物修复虽具备绿色低碳和高效安全等优点,但随着污染的复杂化和严重化,单一的生物修复已难以满足修复目的.而以生物修复为基础的生态修复能够统筹碳中和与生态环境保护,协同推进减污降碳,保证土壤和沉积物履行生态系统服务功能的持续能力,最终实现土壤健康和沉积物健康.因此,从生物修复到生态修复的转变是现阶段环境治理和生态系统维护的最优选择.在此,首先剖析了不同生物修复技术中石油烃微观去除机制,并且从生态学角度探讨了不同生物修复技术的种类及特点.基于此,深入分析了生物修复向生态修复转变的必要性.最后对生态修复发展进行了合理展望,以期为石油污染生态修复的优化提供理论支撑.

Petroleum pollution has become a prominent global environmental problem,restricting the coordinated development of the economy and the ecological environment.Although bioremediation has the advantages of low carbon,high efficiency,and safety,the complexity and severity of the pollution makes it difficult to achieve the remediation purpose with a single bioremediation.Ecological remediation based on bioremediation can integrate carbon neutrality and ecological environmental protection,synergistically promote pollution reduction and carbon reduction,ensure the sustainability of soil and sediment to fulfil ecosystem service functions,and ultimately achieve soil health and sediment health.Therefore,the transition from bioremediation to ecological restoration is the optimal choice for environmental management and ecosystem maintenance at this stage.Here,we first analyzed the micro-removal mechanism of petroleum hydrocarbons in different bioremediation techniques and discussed the types and characteristics of different bioremediation techniques from an ecological point of view.Based on this,the necessity of bioremediation for ecological restoration was analyzed in detail.Finally,a reasonable outlook on the development of ecological remediation is given to provide theoretical support for optimizing ecological remediation of petroleum pollution.