高等教育非均衡发展治理何以可能——基于中国特色“高校对口支援”治理实践的分析

How is It Possible to Govern the Imbalanced Development of Higher Education:An Analysis Based on the Practice of"The Paired Aiding of Universities and Colleges"in China

高等教育非均衡发展治理是世界各国促进高等教育公平的实践难题,中国特色“高校对口支援”治理实践成为破解这一难题和缓解高等教育规模治理负荷的创新举措。基于治理理论从权力结构、投入产出、管理监督三个维度分析,“高校对口支援”实施呈现出政府拥有正式权威与高校掌握实际控制权并存、高校多渠道资源筹措与多元化成果分享结合、结果导向型监督与人格化担责挂钩的“行政发包制”治理模式。在此基础上,“高校对口支援”形成了支援高校和受援高校压力共解、发展共创、权责共担的“生态化共治”多重机制,能够有效克服治理过程中的实施负荷、激励困境与避责行为,超越传统行政科层式治理或纯粹依靠市场机制治理的弊端。面对新形势和新挑战,“高校对口支援”需要应对制度缺陷与实践阻碍,继续厘清主体权责边界、持续引入多种社会力量、合理优化监督评估体系,持续提升治理效能,推动中国西部高等教育全面振兴和高等教育均衡可持续发展。

"The Paired Aiding of Universities and Colleges"is an institutional and practical innovation in China to solve the problem of scale governance and unbalanced development of higher education.Using governance theory to analyze from three dimensions:power structure,input-output,and management supervision,"The Paired Aiding of Universities and Colleges"presents the implementation characteristics of the coexistence of formal government authority and actual control power of universities,the combination of multi-channel resource mobilization and achievement utility sharing,and the linkage between result-oriented supervision and personalized responsibility.Correspondingly,"The Paired Aiding of Universities and Colleges"has formed a coordinated mechanism for broadening sources of income and reducing cost,a driving force for integrated development,and a constraint mechanism for sharing rights and responsibilities.It can effectively overcome the pressure load,incentive difficulties,and avoidance of responsibility during the implementation process,and has significant comparative advantages compared to traditional administrative hierarchical governance or purely relying on market mechanisms.In the face of new situations and challenges,"The Paired Aiding of Universities and Colleges"needs to further transcend institutional deficiencies and practical obstacles,continue to clarify the boundaries of subject rights and responsibilities,continuously introduce various social forces,reasonably optimize the supervision and evaluation system,continuously improve implementation efficiency,so as to promote the comprehensive revitalization of higher education in the western region.