民族地区精英返乡的政策空间、现实困境与路径选择

The Policy Space,Realistic Dilemma and Path Choice of Elites Returning Home in Ethnic Regions

返乡精英是民族地区乡村振兴人才队伍的重要来源之一。新时代在推进乡村社会改革发展过程中,促进“资本下乡”的相关政策、土地制度改革措施、城乡融合发展政策体系构建为乡村核心要素资源流动赋权。核心要素资源的流动带动了精英返乡。但是,民族地区精英返乡也还面临项目制治理机制、乡村政治精英生产方式、核心要素资源赋能、基础设施和公共服务等方面的掣肘。城乡要素资源的流动权向城市倾斜,城市要素资源的流动性更高,人口乡-城流动趋势难以改变。当前还需通过优化乡村全面振兴项目扶持机制、构建基层党委政府主导的乡村精英生产机制、稳步推进乡村核心要素资源赋能、持续推进乡村建设等,加强乡村要素资源赋权,优化流动环境,提升城-乡流动性,促进精英返乡。

Returning elites are one of the important sources of talents for rural revitalization in ethnic regions.In the new era,during the process of promoting the reform and development of rural society,the relevant policies promoting“capital to the countryside”,the reform measures of the land system,and the construction of the policy system for the integrated development of urban-rural have empowered the mobility of the rural core element resources,which in turn has driven elites returning home.However,elites returning home in ethnic regions still face constraints in terms of the project-based governance mechanism,the production mode of rural political elites,the empowerment of core element resources,infrastructure and public services,etc.The right to mobility of urban-rural element resources is tilted towards cities,the mobility of urban element resources is higher,making it difficult to change the trend of population flow between rural and urban areas.It is necessary to strengthen the empowerment of rural element resources,optimize the mobility environment,enhance urban-rural mobility so as to promote elites to return home by optimizing the support mechanism for comprehensive rural revitalization projects,building a mechanism for the production of rural elites led by grass-roots party committees and governments,steadily advancing the empowerment of rural core element resources,and continuing to promote rural construction,etc.