核受体活性筛选在内分泌干扰物检测中的应用

The Application of Nuclear Receptor Activity Screening Assays in the Detection of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals

内分泌干扰物是备受国内外关注的一类污染物,其种类繁多、分布范围广,在各类介质如水体、土壤、大气、生物体乃至人体中均有检出,对生态环境和人类健康具有潜在威胁。核受体途径是内分泌干扰物发挥作用的重要机制之一,一些内分泌干扰物可通过核受体介导途径调节靶基因的转录,从而产生内分泌干扰活性。常见的核受体响应的生物筛选方法采用离体细胞或无细胞测试,具有操作简便、速度快的特点。这些方法可用于化学纯品的内分泌干扰活性筛查,也可应用于实际复杂介质中内分泌干扰物的识别。该文综述了国内外内分泌干扰物筛选的标准方法及现状、基于核受体响应的内分泌干扰活性筛选方法以及核受体活性筛选在不同复杂介质内分泌干扰物检测中的应用,并对基于核受体活性筛选的内分泌干扰物检测的未来研究重点以及我国内分泌干扰物筛选方法的建立进行了展望,以期为我国新污染物筛查提供数据和技术参考。

Endocrine disrupting chemicals(EDCs)are a group of pollutants that have drawn tremen⁃dous attention worldwide.EDCs have been detected in various media such as water,soil,air,or⁃ganisms,and even in the human body,posing potential threats to ecological environment and human health.The nuclear receptor pathway is one of the important mechanisms of EDCs,where active com⁃pounds could act on nuclear receptors to regulate the transcriptional level of target genes,thereby ex⁃hibiting endocrine disrupting activity toward organism.The common biological screening methods for nuclear receptor response are in vitro or cell-free testing,which are characterized by simple opera⁃tion and fast speed.The nuclear receptor-responsive bioassays can be employed to detect the endo⁃crine-disrupting activity of pure chemicals,or identify EDCs in complex environmental media.This paper summarizes the screening criteria and current research status of EDCs,the nuclear receptor re⁃sponse related assays,and the application of these assays in identification of EDCs for different com⁃plex media.The future research focus of EDCs screening based on nuclear receptor activity assays and the establishment of relevant screening methods for endocrine disruptors in China is also prospect⁃ed.This paper aims to provide data and technical references for the screening of emerging pollutants especially EDCs in China.