四川省眉山市29家托育机构服务能力的现状调查

Research on the current situation of infant care service capability of 29 nursery institution in Meishan,Sichuan Province

目的了解四川省眉山市婴幼儿照护服务能力现状,为政府后续托育服务政策的制定和完善提供参考依据。方法采用横断面研究的方法,于2023年5-6月收集四川省眉山市29家托育机构婴幼儿照护服务能力的情况,比较不同类型托育机构在办托条件、人力资源、卫生保健工作、收费与托位使用情况上的差异。结果29家托育机构中室外活动场地人均使用面积≥3 m~2的机构占93%,不同类型机构间的比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);室内每托位建筑面积≥12 m~2的机构占33%,不同类型机构间的比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在班型开设比例上,不同类型机构在托小班、乳儿班、混龄班开设上的比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),托大班开设上的比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在设施设备完整配备率上,不同类型机构照护设备的比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而教学设备、后勤设备的比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。班级保育人员配置以2教1保为主(62%),专职卫生保健人员配备率为55%。托育机构从业人员年平均工资低于2022年眉山市城镇全部单位就业人员年平均工资,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。10项卫生保健制度的建设比例为100%,提供医育结合服务的比例为14%。不同类型机构在托育服务费上的比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),托位使用率的比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论四川省眉山市婴幼儿照护服务存在办托条件参差不齐、人员配备不均衡、医育结合服务供需不平衡、收费与托位使用率存在矛盾的问题。建议持续加大对各类托育服务支持的保障力度,加强托育服务人才的队伍建设,扩大医育结合服务有效供给,着重提升机构运营管理能力,全面推进婴幼儿照护服务能力的高质量发展。

Objective To study the current status of nursery service capability in Meishan,Sichuan Province,so as to provide evidence for policy making and improvement.Methods Cross-sectional survey was used to recruit 29 nursery institution in Meishan,Sichuan Province from May to June 2023.Information about infant care capability were collected.Different types of childcare institutions were compared in terms of facility conditions,human resources,healthcare practices,fees and utilization of planned enrollment children.Results Around 93%institutions’outdoor activity area was at least 3 m2/child,while comparison of different types of institutions showed significant differences(P<0.05).Only 33%institutions met the standard of at least 12 m2 per planned enrollment child,while comparison of different types of institutions showed no differences(P>0.05).Significant differences were also observed in class set-up for children aged 1-2 years,<1 year,and mixed-age among different types of institutions(P<0.05),but not for 2-3 years old children(P>0.05).There were significant differences in equipment provision among different types of institutions(P<0.05),but no significant differences were found in educational or logistical equipment(P>0.05).The predominant staffing model was two teachers and one caregiver per class(62%),and full-time health care personnel accounted for 55%.The annual average salary of employees in childcare institutions was lower than that of all urban employees’average in Meishan in 2022(P<0.05).All institutions had established comprehensive health care regulations,yet only 14%of them offered integrated medical and educational services.Significant differences in childcare service fees were observed among different types of institutions(P<0.05),while the utilization rate of planned enrollment children showed no differences(P>0.05).Conclusion The childcare services for infants and toddler in Meishan face problems of uneven childcare conditions,unbalanced personnel allocation,imbalance between supply and demand for integrated medical and educational services,and the contradiction between charge and the utilization rate of planned enrollment children.It is recommended to continuously increase support for various types of childcare services,strengthen construction of childcare service talent teams,expand effective supply of integrated medical and educational services,focus on improvement of operational management,and comprehensively promote high-quality development of nursery service capabilities.