利用犬类嗅觉搜索人体遗骸研究进展

Research Progress of Using Canine Olfactory Search for Human Remains

命案侦查过程中,准确找到被丢弃、掩埋的人体遗骸至关重要。寻找人体遗骸的方法主要有人类的视觉搜索、空中探测、地球物理技术、远程成像技术以及犬类嗅觉搜索技术等。犬类嗅觉搜索人体遗骸技术是一种公认的具有时效性的非侵入性搜索方法,是法医调查中最有价值的搜索工具。本文通过系统查阅和总结相关文献资料,以人体遗骸分解产生的挥发性有机化合物为理论基础,探寻犬类嗅觉搜索人体遗骸技术的基本原理,对以人类血迹、人体组织、尸体腐败液、气味替代物作为嗅源训练犬类搜索人体遗骸技术在法医调查中的使用进行综述,从尸体腐败过程中挥发性有机化合物的检测、气味替代物和吸附装置的研发、犬类训练与使用的技战法等角度展望犬类嗅觉搜索人体遗骸技术的应用前景,以期为我国犬类嗅觉搜索人体遗骸技术的相关研究提供参考。

In the process of murder investigation,it is of great significance to find the discarded and buried human remains accurately.The main methods of searching for human remains include human visual search,aerial detection,geophysical technology,remote imaging technology and canine olfactory search technique.Canine olfactory search for human remains is a recognized time-effective and non-invasive search method,making dogs the most valuable search tool in forensic investigation.By systematically reviewing and summarizing relevant literature,and based on the theory of volatile organic compound produced by the decomposition of human remains,this paper explores the basic principle of the canine olfactory search technique for human remains.This paper also reviews the application of training canine search technique for human remains in forensic investigation by using human blood,tissue,cadaver putrefying fluid and odor substitutes as sniffing sources.The application prospect of canine olfactory search for human remains was prospected from the perspectives of detection of volatile organic compound during cadaver decay,development of odor substitutes and adsorption devices,and technology tactics used in canine training and use,to provide references for the relevant research of canine olfactory search for human remains in China.