猕猴桃叶水浸提液对4种植物的化感作用及其化学成分分析

Allelopathic Effects on Four Species of Plants and Chemical Compositions of Kiwi Leaf Aqueous Extract

猕猴桃和绿肥植物的立体栽培模式对果园可持续发展具有重要意义,而化感作用是构建科学的果园立体栽培模式所必须考虑的因素之一。本研究以金果和金魁猕猴桃叶为供体,波斯菊、黑麦草、白三叶草和紫花苜蓿为受体,用不同浓度(LL1、LL5、LL10)的猕猴桃叶水浸提液处理受体植物种子,观测种子萌发和幼苗生长差异,并采用GC-MS技术鉴定其化感物质。结果表明,两品种猕猴桃叶水浸提液中鉴定出的主要化感物质存在一定差异,其中2,3-丁二醇、抗氧剂2246为二者共同的主要化感物质。金果猕猴桃叶水浸提液促进波斯菊、紫花苜蓿种子萌发,对白三叶草则表现为“低促高抑”。猕猴桃叶水浸提液抑制波斯菊和紫花苜蓿根的生长,抑制率均大于8%;对黑麦草和白三叶草根生长整体表现为“低促高抑”。综合评价表明,猕猴桃叶水浸提液对波斯菊种子萌发的化感促进作用最好,黑麦草次之,且对幼苗根生长的化感作用明显大于茎生长。因此,建议波斯菊和黑麦草为猕猴桃和绿肥植物立体栽培模式的推荐种植植物。

The cultivation mode of kiwifruit combined with green manure plants is of great significance to sustainable development of orchards.Allelopathic effect is one of the factors that must be considered in the construction of a scientific orchard cultivation mode.In this study,the leaves of Jinguo and Jinkui kiwifruit varieties were used as donors,and garden cosmos(Cosmos bipinnatus),ryegrass(Lolium perenne),white clover(Trifolium repens)and alfalfa(Medicago sativa)were used as recipients.The seeds of recipient plants were treated with different concentrations(LL1,LL5,LL10)of aqueous extract of kiwifruit leaves,and the differences in seed germination and seedling growth were observed.The allelopathic substances were identified by GC-MS technology.The results showed that there were some differences in the main allelopathic substances identified from the leaves of the two kiwifruit varieties,among which,2,3-butanediol and Antioxidant 2246 were the main allelopathic substances shared by the two varieties.The aqueous extract of Jinguo kiwifruit leaves promoted the seed germination of garden cosmos and alfalfa,but showed promoting at low concentration and inhibiting at high concentration in white clover.The aqueous extract of kiwifruit leaves inhibited the growth of garden cosmos and alfalfa roots,and the inhibition rates were both greater than 8%,while that showed promoting at low concentration and inhibiting at high concentration in the overall growth of ryegrass and white clover roots.The results of comprehensive evaluation showed that the allelopathic effect of kiwifruit leaf extract on seed germination was the best in garden cosmos,followed by ryegrass,and the allelopathic effect on seedling root growth was significantly greater than that of stem growth.Therefore,garden cosmos and ryegrass were recommended for the cultivation mode of kiwifruit combined with green manure plants.