不同授粉方式对富士苹果花粉管萌发及坐果率的影响

Effects of Different Pollination Methods on Pollen Tube Germination and Fruit Setting Rate of Fuji Apple

为了探讨不同授粉方式对苹果花粉管萌发及坐果率的影响,以“红富士”苹果为试材,对地熊蜂授粉、意大利蜜蜂授粉、凹唇壁蜂授粉、自花授粉、风媒传粉、人工点花授粉和人工喷花授粉这7种授粉方式的效果进行比较。结果表明,苹果自花授粉和风媒传粉效果差,人工喷花授粉、壁蜂授粉、熊蜂授粉苹果花粉管萌发数量分别为95.18、87.88、93.63个/柱头。意大利蜜蜂、凹唇壁蜂、地熊蜂授粉效果好,花序坐果率都达到100%,均能代替人工对苹果授粉。熊蜂授粉中心花坐果率为99.00%,边花坐果率为20.34%,可以提高中心花坐果率、减少边花坐果率,从而节省人工疏花疏果,减轻劳动力和降低生产成本。这一结果可为果农有效使用授粉昆虫提供技术支撑。综合来看,熊蜂授粉是最佳的授粉方式。

In order to investigate the effects of different pollination methods on pollen tube germination and fruit setting rate of apple,seven pollination methods,namely Bombus terrestris pollination,Apis mellifera ligustica pollination,Osmia excavate Alfken pollination,self-pollination,wind pollination,artificial pollination and artificial spraying pollination,were set,and Red Fuji apple was used as test material.The results showed that the effects of self-pollination and wind pollination were poor.The germination number of pollen tubes under artificial spraying pollination,Osmia excavate Alfken pollination and Bombus terrestris pollination treatments were 95.18,87.88 and 93.63 per stigma,respectively.The pollination effect of Apis mellifera ligustica,Osmia excavate Alfken and Bombus terrestris were good with fruit setting rate of inflorescence as 100%,so they could replace artificial pollination.The fruit setting rate of central flowers and side flowers under Bombus terrestris pollination treatment were 99.00%and 20.34%respectively,so it could increase the fruit setting rate of central flowers and reduce that of side flowers,thus reduced artificial thinning of flowers and fruits,and saved labor and production costs.The results could provide technical support for fruit farmers to effectively use pollinators.Overall,Bombus terrestris pollination was the best pollination method for apple.