关系辨析与实践主张:职业本科教育与应用型本科教育比较

Relationship Analysis and Practical Proposition:Comparison between Vocational Undergraduate Education and Applied Undergraduate Education

职业本科教育与应用型本科教育共生共存,是我国高等教育发展变革的时代产物,也是全新挑战。多元关系定位和实践主张的存在,对于高等教育尤其是高等职业教育发展改革来说潜藏巨大内耗风险。“竞合共生”的关系定位与“理论上划归同类,实践上分而治之”的实践主张,是有效调和职业本科教育与应用型本科教育类型定位“特性”和育人目标“共性”矛盾的务实选择,也是适应我国高等教育类型结构特征和体系优化趋势,进而保障人才培养供给效益的理性抉择。要以全面落实这一关系定位和实践主张为基础,锚定“平等共生、错位共赢、融合共进”三个目标,系统构建高层次技术技能人才培养大体系和新格局,推动我国高等教育体系改革向纵深发展。

The coexistence of vocational undergraduate education and applied undergraduate education is a product of the development and transformation of higher education in China,as well as a new challenge.The existence of diversified relationship positioning and practical propositions poses enormous internal friction risks for the development and reform of higher education,especially higher vocational education.The positioning of the relationship between"competition and cooperation symbiosis"and the practical proposition of"theoretically belonging to the same category,and practically dividing and governing"are practical choices that effectively reconcile the contradictions between the positioning"characteristics"and the"commonalities"of educational goal of vocational undergraduate education and applied undergraduate education types,and they are also rational choices that adapt to the structural characteristics and system optimization trends of higher education types in China,and ensure the supply efficiency of talents cultivation.Based on the full implementation of this relationship positioning and practical propositions,we should anchor the three goals of"equality and symbiosis,dislocation and win-win,and integration and common progress",systematically establish a large system and a new pattern for training high-level technical and skilled talents and promote the reform of China's higher education system to develop deeply.