突发公共卫生事件下不同人格特质公众的信息需求比较分析

Comparing Information Needs of Users with Different Personalities in Public Health Emergencies

【目的】研究不同人格特质与公众的信息需求之间的关系,揭示不同人格特质公众的信息需求的差异。【方法】选取语言学与行为特征构建人格分类模型并预测公众人格特质,基于关键短语提取方法、Jaccard文本聚类方法与ERG理论进行信息需求挖掘与归类,采用单因素方差分析与逻辑回归分析方法研究公众不同人格特质与公众的信息需求类别之间的关系。【结果】公众的信息需求涵盖医疗资源、预防、症状、诊断与治疗、公众症状情绪分享、情感支持、疾病认知、社会影响和疫情发展9个主题,最后归为生存信息需求、关系信息需求、成长信息需求三类。生存信息需求与严谨性正相关;关系信息需求与外向性正相关,与神经质负相关;成长信息需求与神经质和宜人性正相关。【局限】没有考虑公众的信息需求动态性这一特征,后续研究可对事件不同发展阶段的公众的信息需求做进一步分析。【结论】研究结果能够帮助政府部门深刻理解不同人格特质公众差异性的信息需求,为政府相关部门有针对性地进行智慧化信息公开与风险沟通提供支持。

[Objective]This paper explores the relationship between personalities and information needs.[Methods]First,we constructed a personality classification model based on linguistic and behavioural characteristics.Then,we utilized key phrase extraction method,Jaccard text clustering,and ERG theory for mining information needs.Finally,we used a one-way analysis of variance and logistic regression analysis to examine the relationship between the public’s personalities and information needs.[Results]Public information needs encompass nine main themes:medical resources,prevention,symptoms,diagnosis and treatment,public symptom emotion sharing,emotional support,disease awareness,social impact,and epidemic development.We categorized the themes into three types:survival information needs,relational information needs,and growth information needs.Survival information needs were positively correlated with conscientiousness;relational information needs were positively related to extraversion and negatively related to neuroticism;growth information needs were positively related to neuroticism and agreeableness.[Limitations]This study does not consider the dynamic nature of information needs.Future studies could analyze the information needs at different stages of public health emergencies.[Conclusions]This paper can help government departments understand the public’s information needs and conduct targeted intelligent information disclosure and risk management.