“4R-4M”试验方法论在国家重大科技基础设施实验装置设计和建设中的应用与思考

The implementation and reflection of the“4R-4M”experimental methodology in the design and construction of experimental facilities in major national science and technology infrastructure

当今世界科技强国之间的竞争,比拼的是国家战略科技力量.党的十八大以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚持把科技创新摆在国家发展全局的核心位置,以前所未有的力度加强国家战略科技力量建设.国家重大科技基础设施是为促进科技创新、技术变革提供极限研究手段的大型、复杂的科学研究系统,是提高我国高新技术研发和关键核心技术突破的重要平台[1].目前,我国在建和运行的重大科技基础设施项目总量达77个.完善和利用这些重大科技基础设施解决重点领域和战略产品“卡脖子”问题,对进一步推动解决关键核心技术、引领相关产业发展具有重要研究意义.

Currently,China is in an important period for economic development,with a large number of major strategic projects being successively constructed and operated,such as the development of strategic petroleum reserves,long-distance multinational oil pipelines,the storage and transportation of high-sulfur oil and gas field,the construction of large-scale nuclear power plant,supercritical thermal power plant,high-speed railways,and more.The engineering materials employed in these major strategic projects possess unique characteristics such as“super-large structural dimensions”,“super-strong material performance”,“under extreme and multi-factor coupling service environments”,and“the coexistence and interplay of multiple failure modes”.These characteristics impose new challenges in terms of the safety service and evaluation of engineering materials and industrial equipment.To address these challenges,it is essential to investigate the underlying mechanisms of mechanical and structural changes,as well as the various factors that influence material performance under real-world conditions.However,most cutting-edge scientific research often simplifies experiment conditions,which can significantly deviate from the actual working conditions and production environments in industrial settings.It is therefore crucial to develop characterization protocols that can accurately replicate the extreme temperatures,pressures,and chemical environments,while ensuring precise detection capabilities and high resolution measurements for comprehensive analyses.This article reviews the developments of in-situ characterization techniques in various cutting-edge materials research and introduces the“4R-4M”experimental methodology.The“4R”aspect focuses on conducting real-time research on real materials to study real processes under operational conditions,while the“4M”aspect emphasizes the utilization of multiple techniques to enable multi-scale,multi-dimensional,and multi-modal characterizations.By developing the“4R-4M”experimental system,it becomes possible to carry out real-time evaluations of different physical and chemical properties of engineering materials under industrial conditions.This article further discusses the practical implementation of the“4R-4M”experimental methodology in the design and construction of large-scale scientific facilities.For example,the National Materials Service Safety Assessment Facilities(MSAF)have specifically designed and constructed a set of experimental facilities to replicate different service environments and accurately reproduce failure processes for large-scale engineering materials.Furthermore,this article discusses the current development trend for integrating various X-ray techniques in experimental stations at world-renowned synchrotron radiation light sources,such as the SPring-8 light source in Japan,Soleil light source in France,and Shanghai synchrotron radiation facility(SSRF).The advancement in technology integration,multi-scale characterization,multi-dimensional detection,and multi-modal analysis is highlighted as a significant achievement.The Shenzhen Innovation Light Source has implemented the“4R-4M”experimental methodology in the design of beamlines for high-tech industries,including the integrated circuits,biomedicine,advanced materials,and advanced manufacturing.The primary goal is improve key technologies and driving progress in the industry.