四川省入侵植物区系及其多样性特征分析

Flora and diversity characteristics of invasive plants in Sichuan

【目的】探讨四川省入侵植物多样性、地理区系组成及其入侵情况,为当地入侵植物的精准防控和高效管理提供理论参考。【方法】结合野外实地调研、野外样本分析和标本数据库网站等相关资料收集整理,从入侵物种的组成结构、入侵危害等级、区系组成(科、属、种)、来源与分布以及入侵特性等对四川省入侵植物区系结构特点、多样性特征、地理分布状况和入侵区系特性等进行归类和比较分析。【结果】从物种组成上看,四川省入侵植物共有42科144属236种。其中,菊科的入侵种类最多,共35属49种,占总入侵物种数的20.76%,其后依次为豆科(17属30种,占比12.71%)、禾本科(20属27种,占比11.44%)、苋科(8属21种,占比8.90%)。从区系组成上看,热带分布的物种在科(占总科数的45.24%)、属(占总属数的56.95%)和种(占总种数的57.63%)分类水平上均占据主导地位,明显高于温带分布等分布区类型。从入侵危害等级来看,发现有恶性入侵类(Ⅰ级)28种、严重入侵类(Ⅱ级)37种、局部入侵类(Ⅲ级)26种、一般入侵类(Ⅳ级)47种、有待观察类(Ⅴ级)98种。从入侵区系特性来看,有64.83%的入侵植物来源于美洲,随后依次是亚洲(14.41%)、欧洲(11.44%)、非洲(7.20%)和大洋洲(2.12%);入侵植物中草本植物占85.59%。【结论】四川省的入侵植物种类繁多,其来源分布广泛,对当地生态系统造成的危害程度较大。亟需加强对入侵植物的防控预测,以有效应对外来植物入侵带来的严重威胁。

【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the diversity,geographical flora composition and their invasion status of invasive plants in Sichuan to provide theoretical references for precise prevention and control and efficient management system of local invasive plants.【Method】Based on field investigations,analysis of field samples,and data from specimen databases and websites,this study categorized and comparatively analyzed the flora structure,diversity characteristics,geographical distribution and invasion characteristics of invasive plants in Sichuan through invasive species composition,invasive hazard levels,floristic composition(families,genera,and species),origins and distributions,and invasive characteristics.【Result】A total of 236 invasive plant species belonging to 144 genera and 42 families were identified in Sichuan.Among them,Asteraceae had the most invasive species,with 49 species in 35 genera,accounting for 20.76%of the total invasive species.This was followed by Fabaceae(30 species in 17 genera,12.71%),Poaceae(27 species in 20 genera,11.44%),and Amaranthaceae(21 species in 8 genera,8.90%).From the perspective of flora composition,species of tropical origin dominated in the family(45.24%of the total families),genus(56.95%of the total genera)and species(57.63%of the total species)levels,which was greatly higher than that of the temperate component.In terms of invasion hazard levels,there were 28 types of malignant invasions(level I),37 severe invasions(level II),26 local invasions(level III),and 47 general invasions(level IV).Additionally,98 species were classified as requiring further observation(level V).Regarding invasion flora characteristics,64.83%of the invasive plants originated from America,followed by Asia(14.41%),Europe(11.44%),Africa(7.20%)and Oceania(2.12%).Herbaceous plants accounted for 85.59%of the invasive species.【Conclusion】The wide variety of invasive plants with diverse origins in Sichuan poses severe threat to the local ecosystem.Therefore,it is urgent to strengthen the forecasting and management of these invasive plants in order to effectively respond to the serious threats broght by invasive plants.